基于多目标粒子群协同算法的状态参数优化

针对铅锌烧结过程综合透气性、烧结终点的优化具有强非线性、计算复杂等特点,提出了一种有效的多目标粒子群协同优化算法。首先,建立了有综合透气性、烧结终点两个目标的优化模型。接着,通过改进的约束比较方法、粒子极值选取方法,以及利用不同的粒子群来分别优化相应的变量,提出了一种改进的多目标粒子群协同优化算法。最后,利用提出的多目标优化算法进行综合透气性、烧结终点的优化。仿真结果表明,所提出的多目标优化算法能较好地解决综合透气性、烧结终点的优化问题。     

For forestry in sustainable development research and analysis

文章首先描述了可持续发展的概念,重点对林业可持续发展作出分析,接着从可持续发展的指标、标准、理论等多方面作出全面的阐述,从而表达出林业可持续发展的实质和内涵.最后从管理、政策保障系统、技术支持系统等各体系的协调等方面出发,提出几点林业可持续发展的对策和策略.     

堆肥未培养细菌的宏基因组文库构建及新的木聚糖酶基因的克隆和鉴定

从自制堆肥样品中提取未培养细菌的总DNA,用柯斯质粒pW EB∷TNC为载体构建宏基因组文库,对文库进行筛选获得表达木聚糖酶活性的克隆,再进行亚克隆、测序分析以及B lastx搜索G enB ank分析木聚糖酶基因。结果构建得到一个包含约5万个克隆的宏基因组文库,文库中外源DNA总容量约为1.8×106kb,获得2个表达木聚糖酶活性的克隆:pGXN 1050和pGXN 1051,鉴定分析表明:pGXN 1050上潜在的木聚糖酶基因um xyn 11A具1个771bp的ORF(Open R ead ing F ram e),可编码含257个氨基酸的蛋白质,所编码产物与混合纤维弧菌(C ellv ibr io m ix tus)的内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶(G enB ank索引号Z48925.1)的氨基酸序列有46%的一致性和57%的相似性;pGXN 1051上潜在的木聚糖酶基因um xyn 11B具一个723bp的ORF,可编码含241个氨基酸的蛋白质,编码产物与混合纤维弧菌的内切-1,4-β-木聚糖酶(G enB ank索引号Z48925.1)的氨基酸序列有73%的一致性和80%的相似性。木聚糖酶Um xyn11A和Um xyn11B都属于糖基水解酶家族11的成员。     

选择性集成学习模型在岩性-孔隙度预测中的应用

储层是油藏地质建模的主要对象,储层属性参数的预测是建模的重要基础和主要难点之一。利用机器学习方法建立预测模型是目前研究的一个热点。针对单一机器学习方法在孔隙度预测方面存在的容错率低、过拟合等缺点,提出了融合岩性分类进行选择性集成学习建立预测模型的方法。该方法首先使用支持向量机进行岩性分类,并将岩性分类结果作为孔隙度选择性集成预测模型的输入。然后在研究分析典型机器学习方法的基础上,通过主成分方法分析法从支持向量回归、径向基(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络、随机森林、岭回归和K近邻回归等经典模型中选择出一组表现优异的个体学习模型组成集成学习模型,个体在集成模型中的权重由"主成分权重平均"法获得,最终采用加权平均法得到集成学习模型的输出。该方法考虑了岩性对孔隙度的影响,克服了单一模型存在的不足,模型的泛化能力强。研究结果表明,该方法的预测精度明显优于其他单一机器学习方法,适应性好。     

随钻电阻率测井的固定探测深度合成方法

针对随钻电磁波电阻率测井仪原始曲线探测深度不确定的问题,开展了将原始测井结果合成为具有固定探测 深度曲线的研究。研究中首先采用了一种简单快速的迭代反演算法进行曲线的围岩校正处理,之后利用高斯牛顿梯 度下降反演算法对每层地层进行三参数反演,获得地层的侵入带电阻率、侵入半径和地层真电阻率,再根据提出的伪 源距概念,利用获得的三参数绘制探测深度与源距、源距与视电阻率的关系图版,最终通过插值获得具有固定探测深 度的测量曲线。通过一系列数值模拟发现,合成后的不同探测深度曲线在有侵地层中出现有规律的分离现象,该现象 与地质特征吻合很好,相比原始曲线能更直接地反映地层侵入特性,说明本方法能够提升该类仪器的应用效果,可以 与阵列感应曲线进行对比,方便地质解释人员做出更准确的地层评价。     

页岩储层纳米孔隙流动模拟研究

页岩气作为一种重要的非常规天然气资源已受到普遍关注,但页岩储层主要发育纳米孔隙,而针对页岩气在
纳米孔喉中运移的研究还相对滞后,这严重制约了页岩气藏的高效开发。针对纳米尺度孔隙,考虑页岩气的吸附解
吸及吸附相表面扩散,自由气的黏性流、滑脱效应及Knudsen 扩散等运移机制,建立了页岩气单相流动数学模型,并开
展了流动模拟研究。模拟结果表明：对于以纳米孔隙为主的页岩基质,甲烷在孔隙壁面的附着及表面扩散、气体滑脱
及Knudsen 扩散等均将影响气体流动,造成表观渗透率显著高于Darcy 渗透率,且孔喉越细小,压力越低,表观渗透率
与Darcy 渗透率相差越大。通过分析各运移机制对页岩气流动的影响,有助于深入了解页岩气运移产出过程,从而指
导页岩气藏的有效、高效开发。     

液体性质对气泡雾化液滴不稳定性的影响

为了改善气泡喷嘴雾化性能,利用基于液滴统计学的理想雾化理论模型研究了液体性质对气泡雾化液滴不稳定性的影响.同时,采用高速摄影技术分析了气泡喷嘴内部气液两相流动及喷口雾化状况,探究了雾化液滴产生不稳定现象的根本原因.实验结果表明,气泡喷嘴雾化本身具有不稳定性,且雾化下游场中不同粒径的液滴均表现出不稳定性.当喷嘴内部气液两相处于气泡流时,喷口处单个气泡的破裂可导致雾化下游场中液滴不稳定;当气液两相处于过渡流时,单个气泡、液体以及较长气柱交替流经喷口会造成气泡雾化液滴不稳定;当气液两相处于环状流时,液桥现象的存在致使雾化下游场液滴不稳定.增加牛顿流体的黏度或者降低非牛顿流体剪切变稀的强度能够有效降低雾化液滴的不稳定性.     

Reconstructing mean maximum temperatures of May-August from tree-ring maximum density in North Da Hinggan Mountains, China

Tree-ring samples from Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) were collected at three sites in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. Using samples measured by X-ray densitometry, measurements of tree-ring maximum latewood density chronologies of two sites were found to be significantly correlated with summer temperature. These two sites’ tree-ring series were combined to form a single standard regional chronology. This was used to reconstruct the May-August monthly mean maximum temperature for the period 1855-2008 AD, and it explained 39.5% of the total temperature variance. In the past 154 years, there were 4 cold periods (1874-1893, 1927-1948, 1951-1960 and 1992-2002) and 4 warm periods (1855-1873, 1894-1916, 1961-1991 and 2003-2008). The summer temperature rose more obviously than that of winter in this region. Having been validated by other temperature reconstructions from the surrounding area, the reconstruction could indicate the summer temperature changes of large-scale regions.     

Trend in the atmospheric heat source over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau during recent decades: Comparison of observations and reanalysis data

The trend in the atmospheric heat source over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau (CE-TP) is quantitatively estimated using historical observations at 71 meteorological stations, three reanalysis datasets from 1980-2008, and two satellite radiation datasets from 1984-2007. Results show that a weakening of sensible heat (SH) flux over the CE-TP continues. The most significant trend occurs in spring, induced mainly by decelerated surface wind speeds. The ground-air temperature difference shows a notable increasing trend over the last 5 years. Trends in net radiation flux of the atmospheric column over the CE-TP, evaluated by two satellite radiation datasets, are clearly different. Trends in the atmospheric heat source calculated by the three reanalysis datasets are not completely consistent, and even show opposite signals. Results from the two datasets both show a weakening of the heat source but the magnitude of one is significantly stronger, whereas an increase is indicated by the other data. Therefore, it is challenging to accurately calculate the trend in the atmospheric heat source over the CE-TP, particularly from the estimates of the reanalysis datasets.     

Thermal behavior of zirconia-dop ed mullite gel fibers

The zirconia-doped mullite gel fibers were prepared via a sol-gel method.The thermal behaviors of the gel fibers during pyrolysis were investigated by means of thermal gravitydifferential scanning calo...