ZNRF3 promotes Wnt receptor turnover in an R-spondin-sensitive manner

R-spondin proteins strongly potentiate Wnt signalling and function as stem-cell growth factors. Despite the biological and therapeutic significance, the molecular mechanism of R-spondin action remains unclear. Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6. Inhibition of ZNRF3 enhances Wnt/β-catenin signalling and disrupts Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling in vivo. Notably, R-spondin mimics ZNRF3 inhibition by increasing the membrane level of Wnt receptors. Mechanistically, R-spondin interacts with the extracellular domain of ZNRF3 and induces the association between ZNRF3 and LGR4, which results in membrane clearance of ZNRF3. These data suggest that R-spondin enhances Wnt signalling by inhibiting ZNRF3. Our study provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of Wnt receptor turnover, and reveals ZNRF3 as a tractable target for therapeutic exploration.     

Quantum phase transition in a resonant level coupled to interacting leads

A Luttinger liquid is an interacting one-dimensional electronic system, quite distinct from the 'conventional' Fermi liquids formed by interacting electrons in two and three dimensions. Some of the most striking properties of Luttinger liquids are revealed in the process of electron tunnelling. For example, as a function of the applied bias voltage or temperature, the tunnelling current exhibits a non-trivial power-law suppression. (There is no such suppression in a conventional Fermi liquid.) Here, using a carbon nanotube connected to resistive leads, we create a system that emulates tunnelling in a Luttinger liquid, by controlling the interaction of the tunnelling electron with its environment. We further replace a single tunnelling barrier with a double-barrier, resonant-level structure and investigate resonant tunnelling between Luttinger liquids. At low temperatures, we observe perfect transparency of the resonant level embedded in the interacting environment, and the width of the resonance tends to zero. We argue that this behaviour results from many-body physics of interacting electrons, and signals the presence of a quantum phase transition. Given that many parameters, including the interaction strength, can be precisely controlled in our samples, this is an attractive model system for studying quantum critical phenomena in general, with wide-reaching implications for understanding quantum phase transitions in more complex systems, such as cold atoms and strongly correlated bulk materials.     

Re-emerging superconductivity at 48 kelvin in iron chalcogenides

Pressure has an essential role in the production and control of superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Substitution of a large cation by a smaller rare-earth ion to simulate the pressure effect has raised the superconducting transition temperature T(c) to a record high of 55?K in these materials. In the same way as T(c) exhibits a bell-shaped curve of dependence on chemical doping, pressure-tuned T(c) typically drops monotonically after passing the optimal pressure. Here we report that in the superconducting iron chalcogenides, a second superconducting phase suddenly re-emerges above 11.5?GPa, after the T(c) drops from the first maximum of 32?K at 1?GPa. The T(c) of the re-emerging superconducting phase is considerably higher than the first maximum, reaching 48.0-48.7?K for Tl(0.6)Rb(0.4)Fe(1.67)Se(2), K(0.8)Fe(1.7)Se(2) and K(0.8)Fe(1.78)Se(2).     

内蒙古前进场岩体岩石学与锆石U-Pb年代学研究

前进场黑云母花岗岩岩体位于内蒙古东南部,华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞的缝合部位。岩体北西边缘与林西组地层的接触带发育道伦达坝中型铜–钨–锡多金属岩浆热液矿床。岩石地球化学研究表明,黑云母花岗岩为高钾钙碱性系列的过铝质花岗岩,Na2O+K2O含量为6.12%~9.31%,Al2O3含量为14.42%~15.59%,A/CNK值为1.09~1.22,δ均值为2.41,在花岗岩ACF图解中落入S型花岗岩区。全岩总稀土含量为102.65~237.92μg/g,低Sr(89.91~192.80μg/g)高Yb(2.17~3.46μg/g),δEu值为0.46~0.81,亏损Ba,Sr,Eu,富集La,显示S型花岗岩特征,在Rb–(Y+Nb)图解中显示后碰撞岩浆地球化学性质。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学方法,确定岩体形成年代为(273±7.7)~(278±4.3)Ma,在早二叠世形成于华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞后拉张伸展的构造背景。     

上转换蓝色发光材料KY3F10: Tm, Yb的光电特性

制备了上转换发光显示器中发蓝光的上转换发光材料KY₃F₁₀:Tm,Yb.测试了该材料的XRD衍射图谱.给出了该材料在980 nm激光激发下的发光光谱.分析了该材料的上转换发光机理,得到480 nm峰值发光是由Tm³⁺的¹G₄→³H₆跃迁产生的.KY₃F₁₀:Tm,Yb具有较强的上转换蓝光,同时存在的较弱的红光易于用滤色膜滤除,满足显示对三基色中蓝色的要求.该材料是上转换发光显示所需的一种较好的蓝光材料.     

GPU加速的2维矩量法研究

矩量法(MOM)是求解电磁场散射和辐射问题的一种常用数值方法,当未知量数目比较大时,其计算需要大量的时间开销.引入计算统一设备架构(CUDA)技术,在图形处理器(GPU)上实现并行MOM,并且与传统的中央处理器(CPU)串行计算比较,验证GPU计算结果的准确性.在未知量数目不同时,分析MOM中的阻抗矩阵填充和共轭梯度(CG)迭代法的加速情况.当未知量数目较大时,计算速度与CPU相比可提升数十倍.     

语言理解中P600效应的新解读——监控理论及双路线模型的扩展

语义违例句诱发了P600效应对P600是句法加工的标志的说法提出了质疑.监控理论从执行控制参与语言理解的角度阐释了P600,并提出了双路线模型.而后的研究发现在各个语言水平上都存在对错误加工的监控,双路线模型得到扩展,提出P600反映了预期和非预期表征之间出现冲突时引发的监控反应.在对监控理论和模型进行分析和评价的基础上,认为它为P600效应实质的研究提供了新视角,但是还有待完善和深入研究.     

基于距离的IPv6校园网拓扑发现整合算法

针对IPv6网络拓扑发现方法存在的不足,提出一种基于距离的IPv6校园网拓扑发现整合算法.该算法利用开放式最短路径优先(OSPF)路由协议里的子网信息,以节点之间的最短距离作为度量,将基于Traceroute6的和基于OSPF路由协议的两种拓扑发现方法的结果进行整合,并根据子网前缀、接口等信息进行修正.在实际网络中对该算法进行了测试,并与基于跳数的整合算法进行了比较.结果表明:该算法能迅速有效地整合拓扑发现的结果,提高拓扑信息的完整性和准确性.     

基于变形协调的双重功率分流轮系均载特性

针对双重功率分流系统的载荷均匀分布问题,建立了该系统的拟静力学模型,并根据系统构成功率流闭环的特点,推导出了系统的扭转角变形协调条件.将该条件与系统的力矩平衡条件和弹性支撑条件联立,并运用当量啮合误差和等效啮合刚度理论,计算出了各齿轮副传递的扭矩,最终得到了系统的均载系数.文中还从静力学角度分析了各构件安装误差和制造误差对系统功率分流的影响.结果表明,这些误差对系统的均载特性共同起作用,单独减小某一种误差,并不能达到最好的均载效果.