Conflict Pattern Analysis: Preparing the Ground for Participation in Policy Implementation

The participation of non-state actors in implementation processes is often understood as a means to increase compliance efficiency. But the implementation of spatial policies frequently focuses on pre-established goals, processes and instruments and thus renders difficult open discourse and shared decision-making. This paper introduces conflict pattern analysis (CPA) as a tool that supports the analysis of the actual actor constellation in order to define efficient approaches that avoid common problems of participatory processes. CPA is a semi-formalised method that helps to identify key-actors, their relations and interaction amongst each other as well as their core beliefs, interests and resources. It aggregates this information to interaction patterns that can be compared, classified and linked to different participatory methods on a theoretically informed basis. Particularly on the local and regional level, this could be the first step for successful (participatory) implementation strategies.     

Tax Evasion: Models with Self-Audit

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer＇s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.     

Process capability analysis and estimation scheme for autocorrelated data

<正>Autocorrelation is prevalent in continuous production processes,such as the processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.With the development of measurement technology and data acquisition technology,sampling frequency is getting higher and the existence of autocorrelation cannot be ignored.This paper analyzes five estimation schemes of process capability for autocorrelated data.Comparisons among these schemes are discussed for small sample and large sample.In conclusion,this paper gives a procedure of process capability analysis for autocorrelated data.     

Clustering patents using non-exhaustive overlaps

Patent documents are unique external sources of information that reveal the core technology underlying new inventions.Patents also serve as a strategic data source that can be mined to discover state-of-the-art technical development and subsequently help guide R&D investments.This research incorporates an ontology schema to extract and represent patent concepts.A clustering algorithm with non-exhaustive overlaps is proposed to overcome deficiencies with exhaustive clustering methods used in patent mining and technology discovery.The non-exhaustive clustering approach allows for the clustering of patent documents with overlapping technical findings and claims,a feature that enables the grouping of patents that define related key innovations.Legal advisors can use this approach to study potential cases of patent infringement or devise strategies to avoid litigation.The case study demonstrates the use of non-exhaustive overlaps algorithm by clustering US and Japan radio frequency identification (RFID) patents and by analyzing the legal implications of automated discovery of patent infringement.     

Connecting informal networks to management of tacit knowledge

The relationship between tacit knowledge and informal networks has not been fully explored.Tacit knowledge cannot be well managed directly,because it is deeply embedded in individual actions and experiences.This study proposes an approach to managing informal networks as a new middle way to facilitate the sharing and transferring of tacit knowledge,owing to the fact that tacit knowledge is mostly shared and transferred through informal networks.To support the idea of the approach,an empirical case study of applying the approach to management of a large scientific project is also included.Our findings suggest that informal networks play essential roles for management of tacit knowledge,and thus good management of informal networks can lead to efficient sharing and transferring of tacit knowledge.     

平面三站时差定位中的模糊及无解研究

利用无迭代方法求解非线性时差定位方程组进行三站平面定位时 ,可能出现无解和模糊现象。本文对此进行了研究 ,找出了无解分布与布站以及测量噪声方差大小的规律 ,得出了模糊分布与布站之间的关系 ,并提供了一些解决方法。     

基于神经网络数据融合的目标识别方法研究

综合应用图像识别、神经网络和数据融合技术是多传感器ATR系统的一个重要研究方向。设计了一种基于BP网络和多传感器数据融合的图像识别系统。从信息论的观点出发 ,在理论上探讨了BP网络数据融合用于图像目标识别 /分类的机理。以此理论对实验结果的合理解释证明了该理论的正确性。理论分析和实验结果都证明了神经网络数据融合用于图像目标识别 /分类的有效性和可行性     

CSCW系统中协同机制及协同活动模型

分析了当前计算机支持协同工作 (ComputerSupportedCooperativeWork ,CSCW)系统普遍存在的问题 ,首先定义了协同的基本概念和类型 ,并引入协同代理的新概念 ,研究了CSCW这样的人机结合系统中协同成员间的语义通信机制和信息共享机制。在此基础上 ,分离出协同活动中的独立信息实体 ,建立了面向对象的协同活动模型。最后 ,用协同活动模型分析了一个典型的协同工作的实例。     

上海电子金融发展战略目标分析

面对网络经济与互联网的飞速发展,金融作为高度信息化的产业,对信息和信息科学有着密切的依赖关系。阐述了电子金融的基本概念;对上海国际金融中心建设的目标、途径和发展现状进行了分析,指出发展电子金融是上海国际金融中心发展的重要途径。最后在分析了上海电子金融发展相关因素的基础上,提出了上海电子金融发展的战略和战略目标。     

工程系统多目标多层次模糊决策模型及其应用

在进行工程系统某些的问题决策时 ,需考虑的因素 (目标 )往往很多 ,且各因素之间还存在不同的层次。为此 ,根据模糊数学的基本理论 ,首先提出层次判断矩阵的建立和层次单排序方法 ,在此基础上 ,利用合成层次总权重来构筑多目标多层次模糊决策模型。最后 ,结合具体实例展开应用研究 ,该结果可为实际的工程系统决策由定性到定量计算提供一种新的思路。