Identification of two new loci at IL23R and RAB32 that influence susceptibility to leprosy

We performed a genome-wide association study with 706 individuals with leprosy and 5,581 control individuals and replicated the top 24 SNPs in three independent replication samples, including a total of 3,301 individuals with leprosy and 5,299 control individuals from China. Two loci not previously associated with the disease were identified with genome-wide significance: rs2275606 (combined P = 3.94 × 10(-14), OR = 1.30) on 6q24.3 and rs3762318 (combined P = 3.27 × 10(-11), OR = 0.69) on 1p31.3. These associations implicate IL23R and RAB32 as new susceptibility genes for leprosy. Furthermore, we identified evidence of interaction between the NOD2 and RIPK2 loci, which is consistent with the biological association of the proteins encoded by these genes (NOD2-RIPK2 complex) in activating the NF-κB pathway as a part of the host defense response to infection. Our findings have expanded the biological functions of IL23R by uncovering its involvement in infectious disease susceptibility and suggest a potential involvement of autophagocytosis in leprosy pathogenesis. The IL23R association supports previous observations of the marked overlap of susceptibility genes for leprosy and Crohn's disease, implying common pathogenesis mechanisms.     

Chronic gestational exposure to ethanol causes insulin and IGF resistance and impairs acetylcholine homeostasis in the brain

In fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with impaired insulin-stimulated survival signaling. This study characterizes ethanol dose-effects on cerebellar development, expression of genes required for insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, and the upstream mechanisms and downstream consequences of impaired signaling in relation to acetylcholine (ACh) homeostasis. Pregnant Long Evans rats were fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0%, 2%, 4.5%, 6.5%, or 9.25% ethanol from gestation day 6. Ethanol caused dose-dependent increases in severity of cerebellar hypoplasia, neuronal loss, proliferation of astrocytes and microglia, and DNA damage. Ethanol also reduced insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II receptor binding, insulin and IGF-I receptor tyrosine kinase activities, ATP, membrane cholesterol, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression. In vitro studies linked membrane cholesterol depletion to impaired insulin receptor binding and insulin-stimulated ChAT. In conclusion, cerebellar hypoplasia in FAS is mediated by insulin/IGF resistance with attendant impairments in energy production and ACh homeostasis. Received 4 May 2006; received after revision 13 June 2006; accepted 20 June 2006     

基于AGENT个性化Web协作学习系统的模型设计

利用AGENT技术,机器学习和数据挖掘的方法,提出了个性化Web协作学习系统的设计模型,并重点介绍了个性化学习的实现过程.     

基于卷积循环神经网络的语音逻辑攻击检测

语音合成和语音转换等技术正逐渐成为合成语音的主流方法,合成语音对社会稳定和国家安全都具有潜在的风险。为进一步提高合成、转换伪造语音检测的准确率,从混合网络模型,特征选择出发,提出了基于CNN-RNN-DNN网络的3种混合网络模型,分别为CNN-LSTM-DNN、CNN-GRU-DNN、CNN-BiLSTM-DNN。模型中卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)部分可以进行下采样,循环神经网络(recurrent neural network, RNN)部分解决语音中的时序问题,深度神经网络(deep neural network, DNN)部分则实现分类功能。每种混合网络模型包含20层网络层。对提取的6种声学特征进行实验,其中CNN-LSTM-DNN+MFCC的组合表现最优,等错误率为5.79%,比ASVspoof2019提供的B02基线系统低28.43%。比较了3种混合网络结合6种特征的表现并增加了其与4种单独网络的对照实验,结果表明本文提出的混合网络模型具有性能稳定、准确率高等优点且梅尔频率倒谱系数(mel-frequency cepstr...     

参附注射液通过调节核内HMGB1和NF-κB结合发挥抗炎活性的机制

探讨参附注射液（Shenfu injection,SFI）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导的RAW264.7细胞的抑炎作用及其潜在机制。采用LPS诱导野生型RAW264.7细胞制作炎症细胞模型,经参附注射液不同剂量进行干预,RT-qPCR、WB和ELISA检测细胞内促炎因子,包括诱导型一氧化氮合酶（induced nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、白介素?1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α）的转录、翻译和分泌水平,评价参附注射液的抗炎作用;构建高迁移率组蛋白B1（high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1）过表达RAW264.7细胞（HMGB1+-RAW264.7）和HMGB1点突变RAW264.7细胞（HMGB1m-RAW264.7）,通过免疫荧光检测野生型、HMGB1+和HMGB1m-RAW264.7细胞中HMGB1的核移位情况,采用哺乳动物双杂交法和免疫共沉淀法检测HMGB1、P65和P50的结合率,以探讨核内HMGB1在炎症反应中的作用及SFI抗炎的潜在分子机制。结果表明：SFI可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中iNOS、IL-1β和TNF-α的转录、表达和分泌（P＜0.01）。SFI能抑制HMGB1向核外迁移,使其高表达于核内。核内高表达HMGB1可使RAW264.7细胞对LPS的耐受度增加。在1μg/mL浓度LPS诱导下,HMGB1+-RAW264.7细胞中TNFα和IL-1β的转录和表达水平均升高,且SFI能逆转这一现象。HMGB1m-RAW264.7细胞中TNFα和IL-1β与对照组无差异。SFI可增加核内HMGB1与P65、HMGB1与P50的结合率（P＜0.01）,减少P50与P65的结合率。试验结果表明：SFI可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应;其作用途径可能是通过抑制HMGB1出核,竞争性结合P65和P50合,减少P65-P50二聚体的形成,进而抑制核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)通路的激活。     

松材线虫对黑松、湿地松幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

以2月龄黑松（Pinus thunbergii)、湿地松（P.elliottii)幼苗为材料，研究松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)感染对松幼苗活性氧代谢的影响。在接种松材线虫后，黑松较湿地松发病快且重，黑松内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性逐渐降低；湿地松内SOD和CAT在接种早期活性增加，随后下降。两种幼苗接种后，过氧化物酶（POD）活性、H2O2和丙二醛（MDA）含量不断增加。H2O2和MDA的积累与植株发病速度呈明显正相关。因此，松材线虫病的发生和发展与寄主植物组织的膜脂过氧化作用有关。     

血小板衍化生长因子及其受体在人胰腺癌局部浸润转移中作用的实验研究

观察胰腺组织及其癌变标本中血小板衍化生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）及其受体（ＰＤＧＦＲ）基因表达的变化关系,以探讨它们在人胰腺癌局部侵袭和转移过程中的作用。用诺真法（Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ）和原位杂交（ｉｎｓｉｔｕｈｙｂｒｉｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ＩＳＨ）方法,采用ｃＤＮＡ探针（ＰＤＧＦＡ、Ｂ,ＰＤＧＦＲα、β）对两株胰腺癌细胞（Ｐａｔｕ８９８８、Ｐａｔｕ８９０２）、１５例胰腺癌手术切除标本和８例正常胰腺组织标本进行杂交检测。胰腺癌组织中,ＰＤＧＦＡ、ＰＤＧＦＢ在ＲＮＡ水平的表达与正常胰腺组织相近;而ＰＤＧＦＲα、ＰＤＧＦＲβ尤其是ＰＤＧＦＲα在ＲＮＡ水平的表达,较正常胰腺组织相对提高。ＰａＴｕ细胞株中,有ＰＤＧＦＡ及其ＰＤＧＦＲβ的表达。ＩＳＨ结果显示：ＰＤＧＦＡ、ＰＤＧＦＢ阳性反应深浅不一,胰腺癌与正常胰腺组织无明显差异。胰腺癌细胞中ＰＤＧＦ和ＰＤＧＦＲ均有表达,而ＰＤＧＦＲβ则比较多地定位于结缔组织中的纤维细胞和内皮细胞。ＰＤＧＦ、ＰＤＧＦＲ可能通过对胰腺癌细胞外基质蛋白降解代谢的调控,共同影响着肿瘤的侵袭和转移过程     

印迹电化学传感器对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的识别与检测

以2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为模板分子,邻苯二胺为功能单体,采用电聚合法在玻碳电极表面合成印迹聚合物,得到印迹聚合物电化学传感器.采用循环伏安法和差示脉冲伏安法对传感器的性质进行了表征.结果表明,该印迹传感器对2,4-D表现出良好的特异性结合能力和识别能力,可从2,4-二氯苯酚、4-氯苯氧乙酸、苯氧乙酸、苦杏仁酸等结构类似物中选择性地识别模板分子.同时,该传感器用于对2,4-D的灵敏检测,响应线性范围为1.0×10-9-2.0×10-7mol/L,检测限为1.8×10-10mol/L(S/N=3).     

产植酸酶青霉菌株的诱变研究

对产植酸酶的青霉菌株Ａ２进行了诱变研究。分别以ＨＮＯ２－ＵＶ和ＵＶ－５Ｂｕ复合处理，进行了二轮诱变筛选后，得到高于Ａ２５０％以上的变异株６株，其中Ａ２－ＵＶ５９－２０株的酶活达０．８１２±０．０１９ｕ／ｍｌ，为出发菌株Ａ２的二倍多。     

多层介质中超声脉冲反射信号处理及应用

本文提出一种能从多层介质的超声反射脉冲提取有用的被检测信号的方法,被检测信号的特点是产生该信号的介质不与声学探头直接接触,而且该信号在多层介质中的衰减必须予以考虑。这种方法能用于多层介质中超声无损检测。