Protein intrinsic disorder as a flexible armor and a weapon of HIV-1

Many proteins and protein regions are disordered in their native, biologically active states. These proteins/regions are abundant in different organisms and carry out important biological functions that complement the functional repertoire of ordered proteins. Viruses, with their highly compact genomes, small proteomes, and high adaptability for fast change in their biological and physical environment utilize many of the advantages of intrinsic disorder. In fact, viral proteins are generally rich in intrinsic disorder, and intrinsically disordered regions are commonly used by viruses to invade the host organisms, to hijack various host systems, and to help viruses in accommodation to their hostile habitats and to manage their economic usage of genetic material. In this review, we focus on the structural peculiarities of HIV-1 proteins, on the abundance of intrinsic disorder in viral proteins, and on the role of intrinsic disorder in their functions.     

Exome sequencing of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma

Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, is a major public health concern in areas endemic for this parasite. We report here whole-exome sequencing of eight O. viverrini-related tumors and matched normal tissue. We identified and validated 206 somatic mutations in 187 genes using Sanger sequencing and selected 15 genes for mutation prevalence screening in an additional 46 individuals with CCA (cases). In addition to the known cancer-related genes TP53 (mutated in 44.4% of cases), KRAS (16.7%) and SMAD4 (16.7%), we identified somatic mutations in 10 newly implicated genes in 14.8-3.7% of cases. These included inactivating mutations in MLL3 (in 14.8% of cases), ROBO2 (9.3%), RNF43 (9.3%) and PEG3 (5.6%), and activating mutations in the GNAS oncogene (9.3%). These genes have functions that can be broadly grouped into three biological classes: (i) deactivation of histone modifiers, (ii) activation of G protein signaling and (iii) loss of genome stability. This study provides insight into the mutational landscape contributing to O. viverrini-related CCA.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

基于人眼状态识别的驾驶员疲劳检测方法研究

提出一种基于眼睛状态识别的驾驶员疲劳状态检测的方法。首先通过建立肤色模型分割出人脸区域,再利用搜索连通域的方法实现眼睛区域的定位;然后计算出眼睛区域的垂直积分投影曲线,提取并比较曲线的特征参数,从而识别眼睛的状态;最后以眼睛闭合时间比率为测量标准实现对驾驶员疲劳程度的检测。实验表明,该方法简单、有效、实时性较好,疲劳检测的正确率较高。     

支持向量机在围岩变形监测中的应用

根据支特向量机优越的非线性拟合性能,建立变形量的时间序列预测模型,滚动预测围岩变形量,提高了预测模型的训练速度和预测推广能力。该方法用于西乡-固戍盾构段围岩变形预测,并与BP神经网络预测进行比较。结果表明这种模型可预测区间较长且具有较高的准确度,能够科学地指导现场施工和监测。     

嵌入式系统有限资源下的代码移植和优化

给出一种基于ADI Blackfin系列数字信号处理器的人像考勤系统设计方案. 在此基础上, 归纳了嵌入式有限资源限制下人像识别算法的实现策略,解决了算法移植过程中从C++到C的转换问题, 并提出了通过修改连接描述文件重新配置存储资源的方法, 从而缓解了大数据量与芯片上有限存储资源之间的矛盾. 测试结果表明, 移植后人像识别算法的运行结果和速度都满足使用要求.     

虾夷扇贝的摄食生理及其在獐子岛海域的群体滤水能力

为了獐子岛海域虾夷扇贝养殖容量评估模型的建立,采用模拟现场流水系统和生物沉积方法测定了不同规格虾夷扇贝在不同季节的滤水率（CR）、摄食率和吸收效率,并探讨了温度与滤水率的关系.通过断面生物量调查,获得该海域虾夷扇贝的壳高频率分布情况.结果显示,5月份虾夷扇贝的滤水率最大.其它3个月份虾夷扇贝的滤水率差异不显著,10月份的吸收效率最低.温度（T）与滤水率（CR）呈抛物线的关系,在本实验的条件下,虾夷扇贝摄食的最适温度为10 ℃.滤水率与壳高呈典型的幂函数关系.根据滤水率与壳高的关系、獐子岛海域养殖虾夷扇贝的壳高频率分布情况以及总生物量,推算出不同月份的群体滤水能力,结合獐子岛的潮差、水面面积等数据,计算出其在该海域的食物限制性指标--清滤效率.结果显示:目前獐子岛养殖虾夷扇贝的清滤效率平均为0.054<1,虾夷扇贝的养殖量低于养殖容量,在养殖密度和规模上,尚有很大的发展空间.     

一类三元离散神经网络的收敛性

利用Lyapunov函数对在一条直线上的3个神经元构成的离散神经网络的收敛性进行了讨论,得到了一系列的结论.     

头花蓼的化学成分及药理研究进展

头花蓼是少数民族地区的常用药,主要用于肾盂肾炎、尿道感染、利尿通淋等症。对它的研究始于二十世纪八十年代,已开发了热淋清系列制剂,为了更好地开发和利用其资源,本文就头花蓼的化学成分和药理研究的进展进行了综述。     

大宁河两种小型鱼类个体和器官代谢率的比较

[目的]考察三峡库区两种小型鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类的个体和器官代谢率.[方法]对大宁河水域分布的红尾副鳅(Paracobitis variegatus)和云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)的体质量、器官质量、个体代谢率和器官代谢率进行测定和比较.[结果]在校正体质量后,红尾副鳅在个体静止...