基于心理因素的有限空间内个体行为模型

人类行为存在多种形式，其中灾害情况下的逃生行为研究得较多，如由恐慌引起的人群逃逸。本文关注在正常环境下有限空间内的人类行为，如公车、教室等，目的是研究其行为模式。研究基于经济学和心理学出发，将人类行为看作自利人之间的交互作用的结果，自利人根据现实的或潜在的收益做出决定，同时引入心理距离和惰性概念，提出了一个基于心理距离和惰性的个体行为模型，并通过模拟实验研究心理距离和惰性如何影响个体行为。实验结果较真实地涌现出现实世界中的宏观群体行为模式，说明本模型能够对有限空间内的人类行为做出较合理的解释。     

A genome-wide association study identifies six susceptibility loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

We conducted a genome-wide association study of 299,983 tagging SNPs for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and performed validation in two additional series totaling 1,529 cases and 3,115 controls. We identified six previously unreported CLL risk loci at 2q13 (rs17483466; P = 2.36 x 10(-10)), 2q37.1 (rs13397985, SP140; P = 5.40 x 10(-10)), 6p25.3 (rs872071, IRF4; P = 1.91 x 10(-20)), 11q24.1 (rs735665; P = 3.78 x 10(-12)), 15q23 (rs7176508; P = 4.54 x 10(-12)) and 19q13.32 (rs11083846, PRKD2; P = 3.96 x 10(-9)). These data provide the first evidence for the existence of common, low-penetrance susceptibility to a hematological malignancy and new insights into disease causation in CLL.     

Review of Loxopus Townes (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with descriptions of six new species

The taxonomic limits of Loxopus Townes are reviewed. The genus is characterized by the lateral margin of the clypeus projecting as subtriangular lobe; lateral lobes of fourth tarsomeres distinctly longer than mesal lobes; fore wing vein 3r-m absent; hind wing vein 2-1A absent or vestigial; and first metasomal tergite with a basolateral tooth. It occurs from Mexico to southern Brazil. Nine species are recognized, of which six are described as new: L. dodecius Santos et Aguiar, L. duckei Santos et Aguiar, L. exius Santos et Aguiar, L. ichilus Santos et Aguiar, L. tenuis Santos et Aguiar, and L. venezuelanus Santos et Aguiar. The type species, L. australis Townes, and L. multicolor Kasparyan et Ruíz-Cancino are redescribed, and a diagnosis is provided for L. unicolor Kasparyan et Ruíz-Cancino, not examined. All studied species are illustrated and distribution records are mapped. An identification key for the species of Loxopus is presented.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5B73E8B4-1288-4FD9-AABD-845B5085FFE3     

The advantages of recombination

The macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene (MSR1) was recently identified as a candidate susceptibility gene for hereditary prostate cancer and as a risk factor for sporadic prostate cancer. To confirm these findings, we screened MSR1 for germline mutations among individuals with familial prostate cancer and tested gene variants for associations in both sporadic and familial prostate cancer. Our results do not support MSR1 as a risk factor for prostate cancer.