基于GPS/GIS/GSM车辆动态定位导航系统

简要介绍了全球卫星定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、移动通信系统(GSM)及其它们在车辆定位与导航系统(VLNS)中的主要作用;研究该系统的组成以及所能实现的功能;分析GPS辅助定位的技术方法和地理信息系统的数据更新.     

基于解释结构模型的智慧城市建筑信息模型运维管理应用影响因素分析

现今智慧城市大力推广的情景下,相比传统的建造和运维手段,建筑信息模型（BIM）技术更适合作为建筑项目全过程智慧化管理的重要基础,解决项目管理建设中容易出现的管理不当、信息紊乱、难以发挥信息资源合理利用等问题。本文通过相关文献研究和查询相关报告,提取出10个影响因素,基于此采用解释结构模型技术（Interpretative Structural Modeling,ISM）搭建智慧城市背景下BIM运维管理应用影响因素的结构模型,根据结构模型对影响因素进行解释和分析,得出各影响因素之间的联系。该研究对BIM应用提供了理论依据,支持多方BIM相关人员针对不同使用情况来做出及时和明智的决策。     

我国专利保险的困境与对策

专利保险作为知识产权与金融资源结合的产物,具有提升企业知识产权保护与运用能力,降低与化解企业创新风险的重要功能。但专利保险产品在我国的推广实践表明,受限于企业维权能力、知识产权保护意识以及保险产品设计等方面原因。企业对于专利保险的认可程度仍较为有限,引发了专利保险的进一步推广与普及的困境。针对上述原因提出具有针对性的工作方案,是推动专利保险充分发挥其功能的关键。     

An M/M/1 Queueing-Inventory System with Geometric Batch Demands and Lost Sales

This paper studies an M/M/1 queueing-inventory system with batch demands. Customers arrive in the system according to a compound Poisson process, where the size of the batch demands for each arrival is a random variable that follows a geometric distribution. The inventory is replenished according to the standard (s,S) policy. The replenishment time follows an exponential distribution. Two models are considered. In the first model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer takes away all the items in the inventory, and a part of the customer’s batch demands is lost. In the second model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer leaves without taking any item from the inventory, and all of the customer’s batch demands are lost. For these two models, the authors derive the stationary conditions of the system. Then, the authors derive the stationary distributions of the product-form of the joint queue length and the on-hand inventory process. Besides this, the authors obtain some important performance measures and the average cost functions by using these stationary distributions. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

Effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

The effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–xZn–0.2Ca alloys (x=0.6wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.5wt%, hereafter denoted as 0.6Zn, 2.0Zn, and 2.5Zn alloys, respectively) are investigated. The results show that the Zn content not only influences grain refinement but also induces different phase precipitation behaviors. The as-cast microstructure of the 0.6Zn alloy is composed of α-Mg, Mg₂Ca, and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, whereas 2.0Zn and 2.5Zn alloys only contain α-Mg and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Moreover, with increasing Zn content, both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation to fracture first increase and then decrease. Among the three investigated alloys, the largest UTS (178 MPa) and the highest elongation to fracture (6.5%) are obtained for the 2.0Zn alloy. In addition, the corrosion rate increases with increasing Zn content. This paper provides an updated investigation of the alloy composition–microstructure–property relationships of different Zn-containing Mg–Zn–Ca alloys.     

Microstructural characterization and oxidation resistance of multicomponent equiatomic CoCrCuFeNi-TiO high-entropy alloy

CoCrCuFeNi-TiO was prepared by arc melting of the pure elements and Ti₂CO powder under an Ar atmosphere. Both CoCrCuFeNi and CoCrCuFeNi-TiO alloys are composed of a face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution, whereas the alloys of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are basically composed of an fcc solid solution and TiO crystals. The microstructures of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are identified as dendrite and interdendrite structures such as CoCrCuFeNi. The morphology of TiO is identified as an equiaxed crystal with a small amount of added Ti₂CO. By increasing the amount of Ti₂CO added, the TiO content was dramatically increased and part of the equiaxed crystals changed to a dendrite structure. A test of the oxidation resistance demonstrates that the oxidation resistance of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO is better than that of CoCrCuFeNi. However, as the TiO content increases further, a corresponding decrease is observed in the oxidation resistance.     

渝西北土壤重金属分布特征及其风险评价

为全面了解重庆西北地区（潼南区、铜梁区、合川区和大足区）土壤中重金属质量分数、分布特征及其生态风险,在该区共采集表层土壤样品6 792件,测定了As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素质量分数,并用土壤环境质量标准（GB15618-1995）和潜在生态风险指数对土壤重金属污染进行评价.结果表明：1）表层土壤Cd质量分数累积效应最大,是背景值的2.43倍,超标比例为18.67%,其余7种重金属元素质量分数平均值低于土壤环境质量一级标准值;2）空间分布特征表明,Zn,Cd,Pb,As,Ni,Cu和Cr 7种元素在研究区西部质量分数较高,Hg在东部质量分数较高,主要受地层控制和土地利用方式的影响;3）研究区重金属污染对该区构成的潜在生态危害由强至弱依次为：Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,Zn,整体处于中等潜在生态风险等级,主要受Cd和Hg元素的影响,二者可能造成的生态危害应引起重视.     

基于Mackey-Glass混沌储备池计算的多波形识别

人工神经网络在模式识别和智能计算等领域具有重要的应用,但目前的人工神经网络存在结构复杂、训练耗时、占用大量的硬件资源等缺陷.设计了一种简单的基于MackeyGlass非线性方程的混沌储备池计算系统,它把大量不同时刻的混沌状态当作虚拟节点,从而简化了系统结构.利用系统分别实现了3种波形和对应3种不同频率的共9个不同波的识别,分析了储备池计算系统主要参数对多波形识别效果的影响.在最优系统参数条件下,对3种波形和9个波识别的归一化均方根误差分别达到了0.11和0.22.     

The hidden disintegration of cluster heterogeneity in Fe-based glass-forming alloy melt

The evolution of liquid metal at high temperature is known much less than their solid states. This is partially due to that the message concerning clusters, metastable phase or heterogeneity in liquid is usually too slight to be traced. Here, we shed some light on the nature of structural evolution of Fe-based glass-forming alloy during overheating process by the investigation of high-temperature melt viscometry and first principles simulations. It was found that a structural transition around 1400 ℃ occurred in the melts of initial homogeneous ingot, heterogeneous ingot and amorphous ribbons jointly, and was confirmed by the results from differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD). Combining these results with Fe-Si-B ternary phase diagram and the melting characteristics of Fe-B compounds, it is safe to conclude that the disintegration of Fe_2B type clusters to Fe_3B-type clusters leads to the observed transition. These results offer a significant reference for the preparation and property control of Fe-based amorphous alloys.     

产品结构视角下的市场分割和定价策略

从产品结构的视角研究了两种具有替代效应且质量水平不同产品的最优定价策略及质量水平的变化给供应商和生产商带来的影响,分析了产品结构不同时利润以及市场份额的变化,探讨了消费者福利随质量水平变化的趋势. 研究结果表明: 虽然集中供应链的利润最大,但却牺牲了集成式产品的市场份额; 分散供应链背景下增大一种产品的模块化程度会减小该产品的市场份额,而提高一种产品的集成化程度可以使得产品线设计具有更大的灵活性,但会牺牲产品线中另一产品的市场份额. 最后通过算例分析了质量水平变化时供应商及生产商利润变化的情况,并发现消费者福利并不随质量水平单调增加,其变化趋势取决于消费者对质量的感知程度与价格变化之间的差值.