First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea

Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique environmental features, including a very deep continental shelf and a weakly stratified water column, and are the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean. These features suggest that deep-sea faunas around the Antarctic may be related both to adjacent shelf communities and to those in other oceans. Unlike shallow-water Antarctic benthic communities, however, little is known about life in this vast deep-sea region. Here, we report new data from recent sampling expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea and adjacent areas (748-6,348 m water depth) that reveal high levels of new biodiversity; for example, 674 isopods species, of which 585 were new to science. Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have invaded from the shelf. In other taxa, the shelf and slope assemblages were more distinct. Abyssal faunas tended to have stronger links to other oceans, particularly the Atlantic, but mainly in taxa with good dispersal capabilities, such as the Foraminifera. The isopods, ostracods and nematodes, which are poor dispersers, include many species currently known only from the Southern Ocean. Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment.     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HNU24高效拮抗茄雷尔氏菌和促进植物生长活性的研究

由茄雷尔氏菌(Ralstoniasolanacearum)引起的茄科作物青枯病常有发生,危害严重且较难防治.从海南樱桃番茄种植区的青枯病重病田中,由健康植株的砧木根系分离到一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HNU24.HNU24和强致病力茄雷尔氏菌菌株EP1共培养实验表明,HNU24可显著抑制EP1的生长,且HNU24发酵液的乙酸乙酯...     

Estimating fertility rates using the ONS Longitudinal Study--what difference does the inclusion of non-continually resident members make?

Among datasets available for fertility research in England and Wales, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Longitudinal Study (LS) is unique in its construction and scale. The large number of individuals who are part of the study means that it is an important dataset for estimating fertility trends in England and Wales by age and parity. This article uses the LS to estimate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for England and Wales between 1991 and 2001. This necessitates great care to ensure that the exposure to risk of birth for female LS members is fully understood. To achieve this, two forms of residential history are defined - consistent cases where the residential information for the LS member is potentially complete for the whole decade and inconsistent cases where there is certainly some form of incompleteness in the residence information. By considering 'all consistent cases', that is both the continuously resident plus those who are not continuously resident but appear to have a complete residential history, we obtain ASFRs which are slightly lower than official statistics figures, but closer to these official figures than ASFRs produced when restricting the sample to LS members who remain continuously resident between 1991 and 2001. The fertility of those consistent cases who are not continuously resident is substantially higher than the rates of continuously resident cases.     

The changing demography of mid-life, from the 1980s to the 2000s

This article examines changes between 1984 and 2007 in the demographic and socio-economic circumstances of British men and women in mid-life. Changing living arrangements in mid-life reflect historical changes in the occurrence and timing of life events such as marriage and parenthood, as well as increased longevity. In order to place mid-life in this wider demographic context, the article first reviews changes over time in kin availability across the adult life course using the British Household Panel Survey (2001) and Understanding Society (2009). The article goes on to use data from the General Household Survey (1984-2007) to document shifts over time in living arrangements for those aged 20- 79. In the final part of the article we focus specifically on those aged between 45 and 64 and examine how their characteristics in terms of marital status, educational attainment, activity status and housing tenure have changed over the past quarter century.     

Cell-free transmission of lymphosarcoma in the northern pikeEsox lucius L. (Pisces; Esocidae)

Zusammenfassung Beim HechtEsox lucius L. liess sich ein Lymphosarkom durch zellfreie Filtrate übertragen und damit die Virus-Aetiologie nachweisen.