基于光流场模型的医学图像配准

基于最大化互信息的配准方法因其复杂性高而不能满足临床的实时性要求;基于光流场模型的图像配准方法计算简单快速,但已有的采用光流场进行配准的方法都直接采用原始的Horn模型,该模型简单地采用速度场的模作为光滑性约束,而导致配准过程不能保持图像的不连续性,使得图像严重模糊以致无法应用,该模型还存在不能处理大位移的问题.为了能在配准过程中尽可能地保持图像特征,采用了Lucas等人提出的窗口化光流场模型,通过选用小的窗口减轻对图像造成的模糊;对于大位移问题,可以采用金字塔结构来有效处理.实验结果证明,Lucas光流场模型应用于医学图像配准能够得到较准确的配准结果,具有很高的运行效率.     

Seasonal oscillations in water exchange between aquifers and the coastal ocean

Ground water of both terrestrial and marine origin flows into coastal surface waters as submarine groundwater discharge, and constitutes an important source of nutrients, contaminants and trace elements to the coastal ocean. Large saline discharges have been observed by direct measurements and inferred from geochemical tracers, but sufficient seawater inflow has not been observed to balance this outflow. Geochemical tracers also suggest a time lag between changes in submarine groundwater discharge rates and the seasonal oscillations of inland recharge that drive groundwater flow towards the coast. Here we use measurements of hydraulic gradients and offshore fluxes taken at Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, together with a modelling study of a generalized coastal groundwater system to show that a shift in the freshwater-saltwater interface-controlled by seasonal changes in water table elevation-can explain large saline discharges that lag inland recharge cycles. We find that sea water is drawn into aquifers as the freshwater-saltwater interface moves landward during winter, and discharges back into coastal waters as the interface moves seaward in summer. Our results demonstrate the connection between the seasonal hydrologic cycle inland and the saline groundwater system in coastal aquifers, and suggest a potentially important seasonality in the chemical loading of coastal waters.