基于小波包变换的混合域声音编码

研究了小波包变换在声音编码中的应用,通过利用小波包变换在时域和频域都具有良好局部性的特点,提出了一种新的中低码率混合域声音编码算法。这是一种可调码率算法,它根据输入信号段的特性来进行变换和编码,使得编码过程可以同时在时域、频域以及从时域向频域过渡的任一时频域中进行,从而使编码算法不仅在量化编码阶段,而且在变换阶段就对输入信号具有自适应性。其编码效果比在单一固定时频域中进行变换与编码有较大改善,有助于和高码率的声音编码算法相接轨。     

分布环境中基于对象的通信平台

传统的分布计算是基于消息互换和远程过程调用的,这二种模型在当前日益广泛的应用中显示出许多不足之处。该文提出了一种基于对象的通信平台。它把对象技术与分布计算结合在一起,以期为分布对象提供位置透明、状态透明、语言独立和平台（操作系统和网络协议）独立的请求发送机制。在该平台中采用了底层通信系统（ＬＣＳ）、高层通信系统（ＨＣＳ）、运行库、多线程服务器、适配器以及类－服务器体系结构,以提高分布对象通信的性能和效率。通过原型系统的设计和实践可以看出基于对象的模型非常适合于分布计算,可用于分布软件的开发。     

高速公路自动收费系统

本文介绍一种通过红外方式传输智能卡内数据的自动收费系统,实现了高速公路不停车收费。它能有效的解决高速公路收费处车辆堵塞问题,具有较强的实用性。     

超滤法分级和纯化蛋白质的现状和前景(英文)

超滤法具有高产率、低成本、容易放大等显著优点,但其低选择性一直限制其在生物蛋白制品的分级和纯化中的应用。本文总结和分析了超滤法用于蛋白质分级和纯化的近期研究成果,对其低选择性的原因进行了分析,提出并论证了提高超滤选择性的技术途径。     

磨料水射流切削金属表面涂层薄铁的加工性研究(英文)

以试验研究数据为依据,对磨料水射流切削金属表面涂层薄铁的可加工性进行了详细的分析与研究。结果表明,磨料水射流加工技术能够在该种材料上切削出高质量地切口,且生产率较高。还对很多切口特性与加工参数之间的关系进行了全面的讨论,由此推荐了最好的加工参数并建立了切口的几何及质量经验公式,以用于加工过程的控制和优化。     

Nα-quinaldyl-L-arginine·HCl,a new defensive alkaloid fromSubcoccinella-24-punctata (Coleoptera,Coccinellidae)

The isolation of N-quinaldyl-L-arginine·HCl (1) from the CoccinellidaeSubcoccinella-24-punctata is reported. The structure, first established on the basis of the analysis of the spectral properties of1, has been confirmed by synthesis. The alkaloid is of endogenous origin and markedly deterrent to ants.     

Molecular evidence for increased hematopoietic proliferation in the spleen of the b/b laboratory rat

The splenomegaly and the appearance of a significant number of CFU-E (erythroid colony-forming units) and BFU-E¹ (erythroid burst-forming units) in the Belgrade laboratory rat (b/b) spleen prompted us to analyse further the molecular evidence for increased hematopoietic proliferation in the b/b spleen. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specific for globins, proteins for iron transport and deposition and the band 3 protein were used in rat erythropoietic tissues as markers for proliferation and erythroid differentiation. In the b/b spleen, all mRNAs analysed display an erythroid-specific pattern of expression. This analysis also revealed an enhanced level of mRNA for ferritin in the +/b spleen, whereas erythrocyte-specific mRNA production was normal.     

Polypeptide translocation machinery of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins enter the secretory pathway by two general routes. In one, the complete polypeptide is made in the cytoplasm and held in an incompletely folded state by chaperoning adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) such as hsp70. InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, fully synthesized secretory precursors engage the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by interaction with a set of Sec proteins comprising the polypeptide translocation apparatus (Sec61p, Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p, Sec72p). Productive interaction requires displacement of hsp70 from the precursor, a reaction that is facilitated by Ydj1p, a homologue of theEscherichia coli DnaJ protein. Both DnaJ and Ydj1p regulate chaperone activity by stimulating the ATPase activity of their respective hsp70 partners (E. coli DnaK andS. cerevisiae Ssa1p, resepectively). In the ER lumen, another hsp70 chaperone, BiP, binds ATP and interacts with the ER membrane via its contact with a peptide loop of Sec63p. This loop represents yet another DnaJ homologue in that it contains a region of 70 residue similarity to the J box, the most conserved region of the DnaJ family of proteins. In the presence of ATP, under conditions in which BiP can bind to Sec63p, the secretory precursor passes from the cytosol into the lumen through a membrane channel formed by Sec61 p. A second route to the membrane pore that is used by many other secretory precursors, particularly in mammalian cells, requires that the polypeptide engage the ER membrane as the nascent chain emerges from the ribosome. Such cotranslational translocation bypasses the need for certain Sec proteins, instead utilizing an alternate set of cytosolic and membrane factors that allows the nascent chain to be inserted directly into the Sec61p channel.     

Antiviral activities of anthraquinones,bianthrones and hypericin derivatives from lichens

The antiviral activities of some naturally occurring anthraquinones bianthrones, and hypericin derivatives were compared by the end-point CPE (viral cytopathic effects) method and plaque assays. Under optimal conditions of exposure to light, hypericin, 7,7-dichlorohypericin and 5,7-dichloroemodin exhibited strong inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) in both assays. Partial inactivation of the virus was shown by emodin, 7-chloroemodin and 7-chloro-1-O-methylemodin; the bianthrones and other anthraquinones were found to be inactive. Antiviral activity appeared to be, positively correlated with increasing substitution of chlorine in the anthraquinone structure. In the absence of light, only hypericin and 7,7-dichlorohypericin displayed detectable activity.     

Dissection of the pheromone-modulated flight of moths using single-pulse response as a template

The upwind flight of male moths to conspecific females is mediated by the chemical and structural characteristics of a pheromone plume. We describe the reaction of maleCadra cautella, the almond moth, to the interception of single pulses of sex pheromone, the smallest structural units of odour plumes. Following loss of a pheromone plume, males cast, that is fly a crosswind course without progressing upwind. The response of casting males to interception of a pulse of 0.25 s duration was, after a delay of 0.21±0.07 s, to turn and briefly fly straighter upwind, resulting in average net upwind displacements of 18 cm in a 50 cm s^–1 wind. Upwind progress in the single-pulse response was the result of steering more upwind and an increase in airspeed, although average ground speed remained unchanged. During the last third of the surge, males turned crosswind, returning to casting flight. These behavioural reactions to pheromone contact and loss support the phasic-tonic model of odour-modulated flight, in which an underlying tonic counterturning rhythm, expressed upon pheromone loss, is briefly overridden by phasic upwind surges, expressed upon interception of the pheromone filament. The surge portion of the cast-surge-cast response was diminished and more crosswind if individual pulses were shorter (0.02 s), probably due to sub-optimal contact with pheromone. The cast-surge-cast response to interception of a single 0.25 s pulse was used as a template to interpret the form of flight tracks in plumes of known structure. The template matched portions of flight tracks of males flying in plumes of low pheromone pulse frequency, thus reflecting the male's pattern of pulse encounter. In plumes ensuring a high frequency of pulse interception, only the upwind surge portion of the template was expressed, resulting in nearly straight upwind flight tracks. Similar nearly straight upwind flight tracks occurred in flights along plumes of low pulse frequency with large volume. Thus flight tracks of maleC. cautella to point sources of pheromone depend on both the frequency and the size of filaments encountered.