Exchange-coupling interaction, effective anisotropy and magnetic property of nano-magnetic materials

The theories and models of exchange-coupling interaction between grains in nanocrystalline magnetic materials are introduced here. Their insufficiencies and distinctions from the experimental results are pointed out, and some revisions are made. The effects of the phase component ratio, the grain size and microstructure on the effective anisotropy and magnetic properties in the nanocomposite permanent materials and the improved models are discussed in detail.     

Coordinate registration algorithms for over-the-horizon radar

1. INTRODUCTION Over-the-horizon radar, which works in shortwave band,performs over-the-horizon wide area surveillance by reflecting via ionosphere. A significant problem is the phenomenon of multi-path propagation[1], which arises from the presence of layers or regions of relatively high electron density in the ionosphere. Radar signals scattered from the same target arrive at the receiver via different propagation paths. Presently, the common method in OTHR tracking system is multi-pat…     

Far-field coseismic displacements associated with the great Sumatra earthquakes of December 26, 2004 and March 29, 2005 constrained by Global Positioning System

On December 26, 2004, a great earthquake along the northern Sumatra coast, with its consequent tsunami, caused about 300000 deaths (refer to the 2004 earth-quake hereafter). This great thrust faulting event oc-curred on the subduction zone between Indian …     

Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass

Genetic and pharmacological studies have defined a role for the melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r) in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The physiological function of Mc3r, a melanocortin receptor expressed at high levels in the hypothalamus, has remained unknown. We evaluated the potential role of Mc3r in energy homeostasis by studying Mc3r-deficient (Mc3r(-/-)) mice and compared the functions of Mc3r and Mc4r in mice deficient for both genes. The 4-6-month Mc3r-/- mice have increased fat mass, reduced lean mass and higher feed efficiency than wild-type littermates, despite being hypophagic and maintaining normal metabolic rates. (Feed efficiency is the ratio of weight gain to food intake.) Consistent with increased fat mass, Mc3r(-/-) mice are hyperleptinaemic and male Mc3r(-/-) mice develop mild hyperinsulinaemia. Mc3r(-/-) mice did not have significantly altered corticosterone or total thyroxine (T4) levels. Mice lacking both Mc3r and Mc4r become significantly heavier than Mc4r(-/-) mice. We conclude that Mc3r and Mc4r serve non-redundant roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis.     

TwigStack^＋： Holistic Twig Join Pruning Using Extended Solution Extension

XML has been used extensively in many applications as a de facto standard for information representation and exchange over internet. Huge volumes of data are organized or exported in tree-structured form and the desired information can be got by traversing the whole tree structure using a twig pattern query. A new definition, Extended Solution Extension, is proposed in this paper to check the usefulness of an element from both forward and backward directions. Then a novel Extended Solution Extension based algorithm, TwigStack^＋, is also proposed to reduce the query processing cost, simply because it can check whether other elements can be processed together with the current one. Compared with existing methods, query evaluation cost can be largely reduced. The experimental results on various datasets indicate that the proposed algorithm performs significantly better than the existing ones.     

Carbon and oxygen behavior in the RH degasser with carbon powder addition

For ultra-low-carbon(ULC)steel production,the higher oxygen content before Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)decarburization(de-C)treatment could shorten the de-C time in the RH degasser.However,this would lead to oxidation rates being exceeded by molten steel production,affecting ULC steel surface quality.In this work,a carbon powder addition(CPA)process was proposed to reduce the dissolved oxygen content at the end of RH de-C through addition of carbon powder to molten steel in the vacuum vessel.Carbon and oxygen behavior during the CPA and conventional process was then studied.The results demonstrated that the de-C rate with CPA was lower compared to the conventional process,but the carbon content at the end of de-C presented no difference.The de-C reaction for CPA process took place in the four reaction sites:(1)within the bulk steel where the spontaneous CO bubbles form;(2)splashing area on the liquid steel surface;(3)Ar bubble surface;(4)molten steel surface.The CPA process could significantly reduce the dissolved oxygen content at the end of de-C,the sum content of FeO and MnO in the slag,the aluminum consumption,and the defect rate of rolled products.This was beneficial in improving ULC steel cleanliness.     

Field corrosion characterization of soil corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in a red clay soil

The corrosion behavior of X70 pipeline steel buried in red soil environment has been studied. The surface morphology and elemental distribution were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The corrosion kinetics was evaluated by weight loss measurement. The results show that in red soil, the corrosion rate of X70 steel decreases with time, and follows the exponential decay law. General corrosion with non-uniform and localized pitting occurred on the steel surface. α-Fe OOH was the dominate products during corrosion in whole buried periods, and the corrosion products exhibited well protective properties. The potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that icorrdecreased with time, indicating the improvement of corrosion resistance. The results of Electrochemical impendence spectroscopy(EIS) are consistent with potentiodynamic polarization tests.     

Kite code-based incremental redundancy hybrid ARQ scheme for fast-fading channels

Incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request （IR HARQ） has been extensively studied for reliable data transmission over slow-fading or quasi-static channels. With the increase in movement speed of users and the use of long code words for data transmission, IR HARQ strategy in fast-fading channels is starting to attract attention in the academia. This paper studies the perfor- mance of the IR HARQ strategy based on Kite codes （a class of rateless codes） in the finite regime over fast-fading channels where a number of channel realizations are experienced in each retransmission round. We propose an algorithm that exploits current decoding reliability to determine the size of subsequent retransmissions. Long- term throughput and delay constraint throughput are ana- lyzed and compared. Furthermore, in HARQ systems available, most of the computation power is consumed on failed decoding if a code word is retransmitted many times, which is not energy-efficient. Therefore, to improve theenergy efficiency, we propose two efficient algorithms （early stopping algorithm and freezing node algorithm） for incremental decoding, which reduce the computational complexity of the most time-consuming steps in decoding procedure. Simulation results show that the substantial complexity reduction is achieved in terms of the total required number of decoding iterations and the required node operation complexity compared to conventional incremental decoding scheme.     

Hepatic Bel-7402 Cell Proliferation on Different Phospholipid Surfaces

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Theory for Constructing Generalized Synchronization and Applications

The approaches for constructing directionally coupled generalized synchronization (GS) systems are presented, which are available for the driving system and the respond system that are in GS via a given C1 diffeomorphism transformation. Examples are proposed for illustrating the methods.