广义系统的某些性质

本文定义了广义系统的消失性,并给出了判别消失性的充要条件,进而给出了广义系统的闭环谱与其动态补偿器的谱不相交的充要条件.最后利用广义系统的一种特殊分解给出了广义系统脉冲可控的充要条件.     

萃取浮选光度法测定微量钼的研究及应用

研究了用甲苯萃取浮选Mo(Ⅴ)—SCN~-—Kφ三元络合物的各种条件。在硫酸介质中,紫红色络合物最大吸收波长位于585nm,摩尔吸光系数为2.8×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),钼量在0—10μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。大量常见元素均不干扰,40倍的钨(Ⅵ)亦不干扰钼的测定,方法已应用于钨矿中微量钼的测定,其结果令人满意。     

Testing for the usefulness of forecasts

Ashley (Journal of Forecasting 1983; 2 (3): 211–223) proposes a criterion (known as Ashley's index) to judge whether the external macroeconomic variables are well forecast to serve as explanatory variables in forecasting models, which is crucial for policy makers. In this article, we try to extend Ashley's work by providing three testing procedures, including a ratio‐based test, a difference‐based test, and the Bayesian approach. The Bayesian approach has the advantage of allowing the flexibility of adapting all possible information content within a decision‐making environment such as the change of variable's definition due to the evolving system of national accounts. We demonstrate the proposed methods by applying six macroeconomic forecasts in the Survey of Professional Forecasters. Researchers or practitioners can thus formally test whether the external information is helpful. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

转杯纺自由纱段形态对其捻度分布的影响

通过对自由纱段的运动及受力分析，对自由纱段形态以及纺纱工艺参数对自由纱段捻度分布的影响进行了研究。研究表明：因自由纱段在杯内成弯曲形状，从而使得自由纱段捻度自假捻盘入口处向剥离点处不断减少，真至剥离点处纱条捻度甚至降到只有设计捻度的40%-80%。为了保证凝聚槽内一定的捻度传递长度，则须适当提高设计捻度，这就揭示了转杯纱设计捻度高于环锭纱的一个主要原因。高速细支时的剥离点纱条捻度相对于低速粗支而言要高，说明只要一些纺纱工艺参数如转杯直径、转杯速度、假捻盘规格等配合得当，转杯纺也可高速稳定地纺制细支纱。     

盐酸西替利嗪的线性扫描极谱法研究

用线性扫描极谱法研究盐酸西替利嗪的电化学行为。在0.20mol/LHOAc-NaOAc(pH4.43)缓冲溶液中,盐酸西替利嗪于-1.74V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,在1.6～24mg/L范围内峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9952,检出限为1.2mg/L。对4mg/L盐酸西替利嗪溶液进行6次平行试验,相对标准偏差RSD为0.62%,回收率在98.6%～100.7%之间。该法可用于片剂中盐酸西替利嗪含量的方便准确测定。     

The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer

All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in about ten per cent of tumours characterized by numerous mutations of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. Driver mutations were identified in several new cancer genes including AKT2, ARID1B, CASP8, CDKN1B, MAP3K1, MAP3K13, NCOR1, SMARCD1 and TBX3. Among the 100 tumours, we found driver mutations in at least 40 cancer genes and 73 different combinations of mutated cancer genes. The results highlight the substantial genetic diversity underlying this common disease.     

非均匀软组织声散射的理论模型

根据非均匀软组织的结构特点,在声散射基本理论的基础上,利用非均匀介质中的波动方程以及Ｇａｕｓｓ定理和ＨｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚＨｕｙｇｅｎｓ积分方程,推导出了软组织声散射的理论模型．     

Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)∶Eu~(2 ),Dy~(3 )长余辉发光材料的合成及正交实验设计法

研究了燃烧温度、Eu2 和Dy3 的搀杂量、助熔剂硼酸的加入量、尿素加入量及Al/Sr的比例对Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2 ,Dy3 长余辉发光材料发光性能的影响,从而确定了长余辉发光材料Sr4Al14O25∶Eu2 ,Dy3 的最佳合成工艺.对所得产物分别进行了XRD、TEM、荧光测试和亮度测试.结果表明:磷光体存在403和482 nm 2个发射峰,分别对应于Eu2 在基质中2种不同的存在方式,与传统的高温固相法相比发射主峰出现了蓝移;亮度测试找到了最佳的原料配比及合成条件.     

Unit-cell design for two-dimensional phase-field simulation of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification

Phase-field simulation serves as an effective tool for quantitative characterization of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification nowadays. The classic unit cell is either limited to γdendrites along 001 crystal orientation or too ideal to cover complex morphologies for γ dendrites. An attempt to design the unit cell for two-dimensional(2-D) phase-field simulations of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification was thus performed by using the MICRESS(MICRostructure Evolution Simulation Software) in the framework of the multi-phase-field(MPF) model,and demonstrated in a commercial TMS-113 superalloy. The coupling to CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermodynamic database was realized via the TQ interface and the experimental diffusion coefficients were utilized in the simulation. Firstly, the classic unit cell with a single γ dendrite along 001 crystal orientation was employed for the phase-field simulation in order to reproduce the microstructure features.Then, such simple unit cell was extended into the cases with two other different crystal orientations, i.e., 011 and 111 . Thirdly, for 001 crystal orientations, the effect of γ dendritic orientations and unit cell sizes on microstructure and microsegregation was comprehensively studied, from which a new unit cell with multiple γdendrites was proposed. The phase-field simulation with the newly proposed unit cell was further performed in the TMS-113 superalloy, and the microstructure features including the competitive growth of γ dendrites,microsegregation of different solutes and distribution of γ′ grains, can be nicely reproduced.     

短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve 203)α-D-半乳糖苷酶的诱导合成及部分酶性质研究

研究发现 2 5株所试肠道细菌中只有 6株双歧杆菌可以利用棉子糖良好生长 ,并且在棉子糖的诱导下产生α D 半乳糖苷酶 .9种不同糖中 ,Bifidobacter iumbreve 2 0 3可以利用葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蜜二糖、棉子糖良好生长 ,但只有蜜二糖和棉子糖诱导α D 半乳糖苷酶的产生 .1 0mmol/L的棉子糖和蜜二糖对于α D 半乳糖苷酶的诱导合成是最佳浓度的 ,且此浓度下 ,棉子糖的诱导能力 (比活 7.1 3units/mg)是蜜二糖 (比活 3 .4 0units/mg)的 2倍以上 .B .breve 2 0 3菌株α D 半乳糖苷酶专一性水解α D 半乳糖苷键 ,不水解β D 半乳糖苷键 .酶反应的最适温度是 3 7℃ ,酶在 4 0℃以下稳定 ,60℃时剩余 80 %的酶活 ,65℃时剩余 2 0 %的酶活 ,70℃时失去所有的酶活 .酶在 pH5.5～ 9.5稳定 ,酶反应的最适pH是 5.5～ 6.5.Hg 、Cu2 、Ag 和PCMB强烈抑制酶的活性 ,而Co2 、Mg2 、Ca2 、Mn2 、Zn2 、EDTA和DTT对酶活性没有抑制 .