Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of the PAN-Ion Conducting Polymers

1 Results In this work, the ion conducting films of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) and sodium triflate (NaCF3SO3) were prepared by the solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity measurements were carried out using impedance spectroscopy. The room temperature conductivity for pure polyacrylonitrile film is 1.51×10-11 S·cm-1. The room temperature conductivity for the highest conducting film in the PAN-LiCF3SO3 and PAN-NaCF3SO3 systems is 1.51×10-5 and 7.99×10-6 S·cm-1, respectively. The conductivity-temperature studies were performed in the temperature range between 303 and 373 K. The results for the variation of the conductivity with temperature obeys the VTF law. The increase and decrease in the number of ions can be implied from the plots of dielectric constant, εr-frequency and dielectric loss, εi-frequency.     

纽结问题—与现实世界的解释

一度是数学中死水一潭的纽结理论,其应用已向临床医学广泛延伸。我们都知道什么是个结--如果没有它,我们的鞋就会掉下来。但对于数学家而言,纽结与我们所描绘的稍有些不同——更像一根电线,能缠在一起并插回其自身中。电线如何婉蜒地穿过空间并在找到正确的空位以再度插入之前缠绕自身即是对数学家而言所有的区别——而且也正日益为考虑实用性东西的研究人员所关注。     

衰竭性运动后的最大通气量

在剧烈运动中,通气肌是否出现疲劳和机能能力下降,这是有争论的。Fregosi 等报道过在衰竭性赛跑运动中,鼠的膈肌中乳酸急剧增加。Bye 等也指出在进行高强度短时间的运动之后,膈肌的最大跨壁压力降低。是这些变化还是其它的变化致使剧烈运动中和运动后最大通气能力减弱,目前尚未清楚。在本研究中,我们企图通过测定在跑台上进行持续时间为3—10分钟或60分钟的衰竭性运动的最后几分钟和运动后的60秒随意最大通气量,来探查这     

FROM MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING TO SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION：THE CONTROL OF COMPLEXITY AND UNCERTAINTY

With time-based competition and rapid technology advancements, effective manufacturingscheduling and supply chain coordination are critical to quickly respond to changing marketconditions. These problems, however, are difficult in view of inherent complexity and variousuncertainties involved. Based on a series of results by the authors, decomposition and coordination byusing Lagrangian relaxation is identified in this paper as an effective way to control complexity anduncertainty.A manufacturing scheduling problem is first formulated within the job shop context withuncertain order arrivals, processing times, due dates, and part priorities as a separable optimizationproblem. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamicprogramming, and heuristics is developed. Method improvements to effectively solve large problemsare also highlighted. To extend manufacturing scheduling within a factory to coordinate autonomicmembers across chains of suppliers, a decentralized supply chai     

电子管的再现

电子学T模型又要出现,新型的电子管为集装在硅片中的不再发热的显微器件。     

The dead-end elimination theorem and its use in protein side-chain positioning

The prediction of a protein's tertiary structure is still a considerable problem because the huge amount of possible conformational space1 makes it computationally difficult. With regard to side-chain modelling, a solution has been attempted by the grouping of side-chain conformations into representative sets of rotamers2??. Nonetheless, an exhaustive combinatorial search is still limited to carefully indentified packing units?? containing a limited number of residues. For larger systems other strategies had to be developed, such as the Monte Carlo Procedure?? and the genetic algorithm and clustering approach?. Here we present a theorem, referred to as the 'dead-end elimination' theorem, which imposes a suitable condition to identify rotamers that cannot be members of the global minimum energy conformation. Application of this theorem effectively controls the computational explosion of the rotamer combinatorial problem, thereby allowing the determination of the global minimum energy conformation of a large collection of side chains.     

Evolution of the atmosphere and oceans

The residence times of most constituents of the atmosphere and oceans are small fractions of the age of the Earth and, in general, their rate of output has been nearly equal to their rate of input. We are disturbing a number of these dynamic equilibria quite severely. The mineralogy of marine evaporites rules out drastic changes in the composition of sea water during the last 900 Myr. The chemistry of soils formed more than 1,000 Myr ago suggests that the atmosphere then contained significantly more CO2 and less O2 than at present. Hydrogen peroxide may well have been the principal oxidant and formaldehyde the main reductant in rain water between 3,000 and 1,000 Myr ago. Major changes in atmospheric chemistry since that time are almost certainly related to the evolution of the biosphere.