范德华力：生物学家、化学家、工程师和物理学家手册

分子间的范德华力是十分微弱的，但可以说普遍的存在着，在很多体系中起着巨大的作用，在物理学、化学、生物学等学科中得到了广泛的研究。但怎样计算范德华力？如何考虑各种条件对范德华力的影响？     

极紫外天文学

极紫外天文学是一个较为新颖的研究领域，其可行性直到上世纪70年代初还被普遍怀疑，理由是星系介质对极紫外光子（100到1000埃）的强吸收。尽管此后的极紫外空间项目特别是ROSAT卫星和EUVE卫星取得了大量成果，确立了极紫外天文学的地位，这方面的专著仍是凤毛麟角。     

灰铸铁的应力屈服曲面及其三维热弹塑性应力解析

对原有的灰铸铁件应力屈服曲面进行了合理的简化,使其在理论上合理,工程应用上更为方便。建立了灰铸铁件三维非稳态热弹塑性应力场的有限元方法。以灰铸铁哑铃件为对象,用新屈服曲面对其应力发展过程进行了模拟,且比较了用新旧屈服面计算得到的结果。     

家具保养十诀

①家具放置时应放平放稳,若地面不平,要将腿垫实。②家具切勿放在太阳光下曝晒,也不宜放在过分干燥的地方。③家具不宜放在潮湿的地方,否则木材遇湿膨胀后,抽屉拉不动,日久还易腐烂。     

如何洗涤多花色羊毛衫

洗涤多花色羊毛衫要用中高档洗涤剂,不要使用低质碱性强的洗涤剂。洗涤液温度一般在30℃左右为宜,漂洗时切忌用烫水或开水。羊毛衫不能用搓板洗,可采用淋洗的方法,就是把冷水浸泡过的羊毛衫放到洗涤液大盆里,双手大把握住羊毛衫肩部,反复多次上下提落,使羊毛衫上的污垢和尘土淋到洗涤液中,袖口、领子等重点部位,可用手轻轻揉搓,或用软毛刷轻轻刷一刷,不要用力过猛,一遍     

Self-assembling Characteristics of Amphiphilic Star Block Copolymers with a Polyelectrolyte Shell

1 Results Amphiphilic block copolymers are capable of forming supramolecular assemblies resembling those observed in nature,such as spherical micelles,worm micelles,and vesicles.Changing the solvent composition,ionic strength or pH of the polymer solution may induce the self-assembly of block copolymers or trigger the transition between the geometries of noncovalent assemblies.In the current work,we have synthesised starlike amphiphilic block copolymers having hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate),PMMA,core,and hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid),PAA,shell.The self-assembling characteristics of these polymers have been investigated in aqueous solutions by light scattering and direct visualisation by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM)[1]. Computer simulations along with the theoretical predictions made for the star-like system based on mean-field theory have been used to support the experimental observations[2]. The association of the starlike macromolecules resembles that of charged biopolymers,such as actin,since a balance between attractive and repulsive forces is required for the formation of cylindrical assemblies and can be manipulated by changing the pH or the ionic strength of the solvent[3].