北亚热带毛竹林林冠截留模型研究

对北亚热带毛竹林冠截留影响因素如林外降雨、透流雨强度、叶面积指数、林冠干燥度和蒸发系数等进行观测研究,构建了林冠截留模型。结果表明：当实际截留量较大时,模拟值误差大;当实际截留量小时,模拟效果较佳。为了反映林冠截留模型相对误差分布状况,按照相对误差绝对值从小到大（<5 %、5 %~10 %、10 %~20 %、>20 %）的顺序分为4段进行累加统计,得到的实际截留量分别为4512、6944、4079、1583 mm,模拟截留量分别为4482、677、3514、1161 mm,全年林冠截留相对误差为93 %,小于10 %,模拟效果较理想。     

不同水体沉水植物叶面微生物群落特征

以沉水植物黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus L)为研究对象,利用扫描电镜、荧光显微镜和16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,探究不同生境中沉水植物叶面附着微生物群落结构及影响因素。结果表明：沉水植物叶面附着藻类组成与环境水体的藻类组成具有明显差异;不同沉水植物叶面附着微生物密度不同,且河流样品中高于湖泊样品;α-变形菌、β-变形菌和γ-变形菌纲是沉水植物叶面附着生物膜上的主要细菌纲,这些纲具有降解污染物质、净化水体的功能;水体营养盐浓度对沉水植物叶面附着微生物群落结构有很大影响。     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

Monitoring gene expression by cDNA array

A new method designated cDNA array was developed by hybridization of quantitatively arrayed DNA samples isolated randomly from a cDNA library with probes reverse-transcribed from mRNAs of different sources or treatments. The gene expression patterns of 1 000 randomly chosen clones from an Arabidopsis library were analyzed with green seedlings versus suspension cells and seedlings irradiated under UV light. Northern blot and sequence analysis of some differentially expressed clones confirmed the results revealed by cDNA array, indicating that this method is efficient and reliable to monitor gene expression.     

Cu原子在表面台阶扩散的Ehrlich-Schwoebel势垒的计算

利用分子动力学中的静态结构弛豫方法对Cu原子在面心立方铜的台阶表面扩散过程中的Ehrlich-Schwoebel(ES)势垒进行了模拟计算,研究了二维和三维ES势垒的差别,并将Cu与面心立方Al的结果进行了比较.结果表明: 1)与Al相似,Cu的二维和三维ES势垒存在明显的差别;三维ES势垒随着台阶高度的增加而增加,最终趋于定值,定值的大小及其ES势垒从二维到三维的转变与台阶的类型有关.2)对于某些情况,Cu的ES势比同种情况下Al的ES势小.     

两种基于高双折射光纤环的高阶超精细梳状滤波器

设计了两种基于高双折射(HiBi)光纤萨尼亚克环的可调谐高阶超精细梳状滤波器,其由偏振控制器(PC)、环形器、2段(或3段)Hi Bi保偏光纤(PMF)组成,具有单输入双输出和高阶超精细梳状光谱的特性,调谐灵活、输出光谱精细等特点.建立了理论模型研究光谱的双输出特性;对二阶滤波器,仿真研究了在Hi Bi光纤长度相等时偏振角度对输出梳状光谱的影响;对三阶滤波器,仿真研究了的Hi Bi光纤长度对输出梳状光谱的影响.结果表明该种高阶滤波器可应用于不同波长光波的选频输出.     

水稻分蘖数目与分蘖角度的分子机理

水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物,养育着全球近半数人口。我国是世界上水稻栽培最早、栽培面积最大的国家,水稻在我国农业生产中举足轻重,培育具有理想株型的水稻品种是提高水稻单位产量的一个重要方面。过去的10年在科技部973计划项目的大力支持下,本课题组与中国水稻研究所钱前课题组在水稻株型分子机理的研究方面取得了一系列的研究成果,尤其是在水稻分蘖数目和分蘖角度的调控机理方面取得了突破性进展。     

Optimization Analysis on Dynamic Reduction Algorithm

On the basis of rough set theory, the strengths of dynamic reduction are elaborated compared with traditional non-dynamic methods. A systematic concept of dynamic reduction from sampling process to the generation of the reduct set is presented. A new method of sampling is created to avoid the defects of being too subjective. And in order to deal with the over-sized time consuming problem in traditional dynamic reduction process, a quick algorithm is proposed within the constraint conditions. We have also proved that dynamic core possesses the essential characteristics of a reduction core on the basis of the formalized definition of the multi-layered dynamic core.