铁磁/有机系统的自旋扩散漂移性质研究王

基于自旋扩散漂移方程和欧姆定律, 理论研究了电场对铁磁/有机半导体界面的电流自旋极化性质的影响. 考虑到有机半导体内特殊的载流子以及电场对其自旋扩散长度的影响, 计算了界面处的电流自旋极化率. 结果表明, 高电场可以使界面处的电流自旋极化率得到有效提高. 同时还进一步研究了电场下有机半导体中极化子比率、自旋相关界面电阻等因素对电流自旋极化的影响.     

铁磁/有机系统的自旋扩散漂移性质研究

基于自旋扩散漂移方程和欧姆定律,理论研究了电场对铁磁/有机半导体界面的电流自旋极化性质的影响.考虑到有机半导体内特殊的载流子以及电场对其自旋扩散长度的影响,计算了界面处的电流自旋极化率.结果表明,高电场可以使界面处的电流自旋极化率得到有效提高.同时还进一步研究了电场下有机半导体中极化子比率、自旋相关界面电阻等因素对电流自旋极化的影响.     

有机高聚物中高能载流子自旋极化研究

利用SSH模型,考虑自旋轨道耦合相互作用,研究了在一维有机半导体中注入电子到高能级时载流子自旋极化情况;同时,作为有机半导体的重要特性,通过研究电声耦合对自旋极化的影响,发现随着电子注入能量的增高,体系的自旋极化呈整体下降的趋势.     

双势垒磁性隧道结中电子的自旋极化输运

 采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法,数值计算了两端具有铁磁接触的双势垒异质结构(F/DB/F)中自旋相关的隧穿几率和自旋极化率。结果表明,隧穿几率和自旋极化率随阱宽的增加发生振荡周期不随垒厚变化的周期性振荡;Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的增加加大了隧穿几率和自旋极化率的振荡频率;隧穿几率和自旋极化率的振幅和峰谷比强烈依赖于两铁磁电极中磁化方向的夹角。与铁磁/半导体/铁磁（F/S/F）磁性隧道结中的结果相比,发现垒厚的增加增大了隧穿几率和自旋极化率的峰谷比,自旋极化率的取值明显增大,并具有自旋劈裂和自旋翻转现象出现。     

铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结构的自旋极化输运

采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法,研究了具有不同自旋指向的极化电子渡越铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结构的隧穿几率和自旋极化率.研究表明,隧穿几率和自旋极化率随半导体长度的改变发生周期性变化、随Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的改变发生准周期变化,并且在2铁磁电极中磁矩取向平行时;选择适当的半导体的长度和Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度可以得到较大的自旋极化率.     

一种电流放大型自旋晶体管

该文提出了一种电流放大型自旋晶体管设计思想，并对其电流放大系数作了一定的分析讨论．自旋晶体管中的电流放大系数主要取决于注入基区的自旋极化电子的极化程度，基区中自旋的驰豫时间及基区的宽度．     

铁磁/绝缘层/有机半导体/铁磁多层膜隧道结的隧穿磁电阻的温度和偏压特性研究

采用Slonczewski的近自由电子模型, 利用转移矩阵的方法, 研究了铁磁/绝缘层/有机半导体/铁磁隧道结的自旋极化载流子隧穿的温度和偏压特性. 计算了T=4 K和T=300 K时, 隧穿磁电阻(Tunneling Magnetic Resistance, TMR)随偏压的变化关系, 同时还研究了零温时在有限偏压下隧穿磁电阻TMR与绝缘层厚度、有机半导体层厚度以及铁磁/有机半导体界面势垒U的变化关系. 我们的计算结果较好地解释了有关的实验 结论.     

T型双量子点自旋二极管

用非平衡格林函数理论研究T型耦合的双量子点中自旋二极管效应。量子点与两个电子库或引线相耦合,其中的一个是正常金属,另一个为铁磁材料。由于两个引线铁磁性的不对称,流过系统的电荷流或者点中的电子占据数会在一定情况下出现二极管效应,即在正向电压时电流或占据数的自旋极化有极小值,当电压反向时,其自旋极化有极大值。这种自旋二极管效应与通常电子器件中的电荷二极管现象非常相似,在自旋电子学器件中有实际的应用价值。     

与铁磁引线耦合的垂直双量子点中的自旋极化输运

研究与左右两个铁磁引线耦合的垂直双量子点系统中自旋极化流和自旋积累的性质。发现他们可以用外加偏压或两引线的磁化方向充分调节。在平行磁化方向时,电流的自旋极化率始终为正,并且敏感地依赖引线磁化率取值的相对大小。当磁化方向为反平行时,流的自旋极化率可正可负,在偏压等于正负库伦相互作用强度时分别出现谷和峰。自旋积累有相似的行为。尤其是在一个引线的磁化率为零时,会出现自旋二极管效应。     

自旋注入效率的电学探测

为了探测从铁磁FM（ferromagnet）到半导体SM（semiconductor）的自旋注入效率,可以通过增加另一个铁磁体来形成一个铁磁／半导体／铁磁（FM／SM／FM）的双结,通过直接测量此双结的磁阻效应,从而得到从铁磁（FM）到半导体（SM）节的自旋注入效率。理论分析发现其隧道磁阻TMR（tunnelling magnetore resistance）和自旋注入效率SIE（spin injection efficiency）之间有个普适关系：隧道磁阻是自旋注入效率的平方。这种平方关系在顺序隧穿区和散射区都成立,除非双结间半导体层厚度很长导致自旋翻转效应的发生或中间的半导体层厚度小于其相位相干长度而导致磁阻中出现量子相干效应。     

Spin-galvanic effect

There is much recent interest in exploiting the spin of conduction electrons in semiconductor heterostructures together with their charge to realize new device concepts. Electrical currents are usually generated by electric or magnetic fields, or by gradients of, for example, carrier concentration or temperature. The electron spin in a spin-polarized electron gas can, in principle, also drive an electrical current, even at room temperature, if some general symmetry requirements are met. Here we demonstrate such a 'spin-galvanic' effect in semiconductor heterostructures, induced by a non-equilibrium, but uniform population of electron spins. The microscopic origin for this effect is that the two electronic sub-bands for spin-up and spin-down electrons are shifted in momentum space and, although the electron distribution in each sub-band is symmetric, there is an inherent asymmetry in the spin-flip scattering events between the two sub-bands. The resulting current flow has been detected by applying a magnetic field to rotate an optically oriented non-equilibrium spin polarization in the direction of the sample plane. In contrast to previous experiments, where spin-polarized currents were driven by electric fields in semiconductor, we have here the complementary situation where electron spins drive a current without the need of an external electric field.     

Giant magnetoresistance in organic spin-valves

A spin valve is a layered structure of magnetic and non-magnetic (spacer) materials whose electrical resistance depends on the spin state of electrons passing through the device and so can be controlled by an external magnetic field. The discoveries of giant magnetoresistance and tunnelling magnetoresistance in metallic spin valves have revolutionized applications such as magnetic recording and memory, and launched the new field of spin electronics--'spintronics'. Intense research efforts are now devoted to extending these spin-dependent effects to semiconductor materials. But while there have been noteworthy advances in spin injection and detection using inorganic semiconductors, spin-valve devices with semiconducting spacers have not yet been demonstrated. pi-conjugated organic semiconductors may offer a promising alternative approach to semiconductor spintronics, by virtue of their relatively strong electron-phonon coupling and large spin coherence. Here we report the injection, transport and detection of spin-polarized carriers using an organic semiconductor as the spacer layer in a spin-valve structure, yielding low-temperature giant magnetoresistance effects as large as 40 per cent.     

Thermal spin current from a ferromagnet to silicon by Seebeck spin tunnelling

Heat generation by electric current, which is ubiquitous in electronic devices and circuits, raises energy consumption and will become increasingly problematic in future generations of high-density electronics. The control and re-use of heat are therefore important topics for existing and emerging technologies, including spintronics. Recently it was reported that heat flow within a ferromagnet can produce a flow of spin angular momentum-a spin current-and an associated voltage. This spin Seebeck effect has been observed in metallic, insulating and semiconductor ferromagnets with temperature gradients across them. Here we describe and report the demonstration of Seebeck spin tunnelling-a distinctly different thermal spin flow, of purely interfacial nature-generated in a tunnel contact between electrodes of different temperatures when at least one of the electrodes is a ferromagnet. The Seebeck spin current is governed by the energy derivative of the tunnel spin polarization. By exploiting this in ferromagnet-oxide-silicon tunnel junctions, we observe thermal transfer of spins from the ferromagnet to the silicon without a net tunnel charge current. The induced spin accumulation scales linearly with heating power and changes sign when the temperature differential is reversed. This thermal spin current can be used by itself, or in combination with electrical spin injection, to increase device efficiency. The results highlight the engineering of heat transport in spintronic devices and facilitate the functional use of heat.     

Direct electronic measurement of the spin Hall effect

The generation, manipulation and detection of spin-polarized electrons in nanostructures define the main challenges of spin-based electronics. Among the different approaches for spin generation and manipulation, spin-orbit coupling--which couples the spin of an electron to its momentum--is attracting considerable interest. In a spin-orbit-coupled system, a non-zero spin current is predicted in a direction perpendicular to the applied electric field, giving rise to a spin Hall effect. Consistent with this effect, electrically induced spin polarization was recently detected by optical techniques at the edges of a semiconductor channel and in two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductor heterostructures. Here we report electrical measurements of the spin Hall effect in a diffusive metallic conductor, using a ferromagnetic electrode in combination with a tunnel barrier to inject a spin-polarized current. In our devices, we observe an induced voltage that results exclusively from the conversion of the injected spin current into charge imbalance through the spin Hall effect. Such a voltage is proportional to the component of the injected spins that is perpendicular to the plane defined by the spin current direction and the voltage probes. These experiments reveal opportunities for efficient spin detection without the need for magnetic materials, which could lead to useful spintronics devices that integrate information processing and data storage.     

2017年有机功能材料研发热点回眸

 从高效柔性有机半导体器件、高效有机太阳能电池、高效有机白光二极管、有机光伏器件的磁效应、有机自旋光伏器件设计等5个方面，盘点了2017年有机功能材料领域的重要研究进展；从有机电子学、有机光电子学和有机自旋电子学等多个角度，回顾了有机功能材料新奇的物理现象及原理；预测了该领域未来的发展方向。     

贵金属/半导体异质结中的光致自旋电流效应研究

自旋电子材料因能同时对电子的自旋和电荷两个自由度实施操控,在构筑以低功耗、超高速、大容量和超宽带为特征的新一代信息处理技术中展现出巨大的应用潜力.然而,通过掺杂过渡金属元素和稀土离子而形成的传统稀磁半导体和钙钛矿锰氧化物往往因结构缺陷导致的居里温度不高、自旋磁矩和自旋极化率偏低等不足,阻碍了自旋电子材料的商业化应用.近年来,在高纯半导体上沉积贵金属薄膜所形成的贵金属/半导体异质结中,通过使用偏振光激发该类异质结可产生纯自旋电流.这种基于逆自旋霍尔效应(ISHE)、可在室温下运行的、非接触和非破坏型的自旋极化激励方法理论上可获得高于50%自旋极化率,引起了人们的广泛关注.文章主要介绍光致自旋电流形成机制和测试方法,以及入射光圆偏振度、光强、入射角度等参数对光致自旋注入效率的调控机理,介绍杂质介导和声子介导对光致自旋输运的贡献,最后提出增强光致自旋电子极化率的可行方案,可为揭示自旋载流子产生、注入和输运相关的自旋动力学核心科学问题以及研制高性能自旋电子器件提供有益的参考.