2012-18 科技新闻媒体关注指数排行榜

 自然通风节能技术越来越受人们关注,实现建筑空间通风的唯一途径就是通过建筑开口。目前对建筑开口研究都是从单一方面考虑,并不全面。Hassan通过CFD方法以及风洞实验对单一房间分析不同开口位置对自然通风效果的影响,研究发现自然通风效果与两开口距离有关,开口距离远的通风效果优于开口距离近的通风效果。Favarolo通过CFD方法以及实验方法对单一房间分析不同建筑开口构造对自然通风效果的影响,认为单侧开口通风效果取决于开口的垂直位置以及开口宽度。Dascalaki通过示踪气体方法研究单侧开口风压作用下通过开口处的有效通风量,发现通过开口处的有效通风量与开口处垂直方向风速以及风向有关。殷维通过耦合风压与热压的单侧大开口通风经验公式提出“自然通风等价节约用电度数”,利用中国4个典型气候区,对单侧大开口自然通风利用率与节能效果进行了评估,发现在单侧通风条件下,中国南方城市节能效果比较大。张雯通过DOE-2对杭州地区居住建筑外窗在不同建筑朝向下,对建筑全年能耗值进行模拟计算,发现南北朝向建筑比东西朝向建筑全年能耗小。     

建筑开口对自然通风效果及建筑能耗影响模拟分析

 通过Airpak软件模拟建筑开口对自然通风效果的影响,通过计算流体力学(CFD)方法和能耗模拟软件DesignBuilder模拟建筑开口对建筑能耗的影响情况。以长沙典型年气象数据为基础,分析了不同朝向和开口位置对建筑自然通风效果和能耗的影响。最后,综合自然通风效果与建筑能耗大小,提出了新的建筑设计综合评价指标,利用这个指标对不同方案下的建筑进行了计算,得出建筑朝向与开口位置最优组合方式。     

建筑自然通风设计探讨

自然通风简而言之就是不借助任何电力机械装置,将室外的空气引入室内,以达到降低室内污染、清新空气、消除室内余热、保持家内舒适、减低空调负荷的目的。自然通风是一种具有很大潜力的通风方式.是人类历史上长期赖以调节室内环境的原始手段。对于建筑设计来说,自然通风显得相当重要,其不仅可以保持室内空气的流动,同时还可以节省电力。该文通过针对建筑设计中的自然通风情况,分析如何合理地进行建筑空间形式以及相关构件的设置等,从而合理地达到建筑室内的自然通风量效果,为同行提供参考借鉴。     

太阳能烟囱强化自然通风的研究现状

 自然通风是一种节能的被动式通风冷却技术,其原理是在由温差引起的热压或风压的作用下驱动室内空间的空气自然流动,与机械通风相比,自然通风具有显著的节能优点。太阳能烟囱利用太阳辐射加热烟囱通道内的空气,提高温差,从而强化自然通风。本研究介绍了太阳能集热墙体(Trombe)式和倾斜集热板屋顶式两种典型太阳能烟囱的结构及其强化自然通风的基本原理。详细讨论了影响太阳能烟囱通风性能的主要因素,并介绍国内外学者对太阳能烟囱的主要研究方法和相关研究成果。太阳能烟囱的高度和深度(玻璃盖板与集热墙的间距)影响烟囱内空气的温升以及空气的自然对流的流动特点,从而影响了太阳能烟囱的自然通风流量。空气流量随着烟囱深度的增加而增加,但烟囱深度超过一定值后空气流量不增反减。当烟囱的深高比超过2.5后,烟囱出口端会出现逆流,从而抑制了通风量的增加。集热墙的结构以及倾斜角度对太阳能烟囱自然通风效果的影响与地理位置和气候条件等因素有关。研究太阳能烟囱自然通风的理论方法包括基于能量平衡分析的模型和基于计算流体力学的数值模拟。分析了太阳能烟囱自然通风研究中需要改进的问题。     

夜间通风实验及计算研究

将夜间通风视为阶段性通风,利用自然通风室内温度计算方法,得到求解夜间通风建筑室内温度的求解模型.对两房间进行夜间通风实验,监测室内温度,比较了换气时间及夜间通风换气次数对夜间通风效果的影响.利用夜间通风室内温度计算模型对实验工况进行计算,将实验测试温度与数学分析数据进行了比较,结果显示两者较为吻合,证明该夜间通风室内温度计算模型具有一定的工程适用性.     

高大空间热分层实测和自然通风潜力分析

在自然通风建筑中,垂直方向上温度分布影响着热压通风。现对南京某单体大空间自然通风建筑垂直方向上温度进行实测,得出在九月份垂直温度呈线性变化,梯度在0.1~0.24℃/m范围内。将温度分层结合已有的热压模型,通过CFD模拟验证模型准确性,用Matlab计算分析建筑上下开口比Rab、室内热源q和垂直温度系数α对室内温度和自然通风量的影响,发现室内温度随着建筑上下开口比Rab和室内热源q的增大而增大,随着垂直温度系数α的增大而减小;建筑的自然通风量受室外温度影响较小,随着上下开口比Rab、室内热源q和垂直温度系数α的减小而减小。计算某高大空间在南京、重庆和广州各月的热压通风量和室内温度,结合热舒适模型确定满足基准通风量和热舒适要求的可利用上下开口比Rab范围和各月热舒适时数。结果表明:广州利用自然通风达到热舒适的时数最多,可利用的上下开口比Rab为1~9,室内热舒适时数占各月总时数的比例为35%~70%。     

CFD在建筑自然通风换气测评中的应用

利用CFD技术,采用k-ε双方程模型,以压力入口为边界条件,对天津地区一幢绿色建筑在自然通风作用下的过渡季节通风换气次数进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明,通过对建筑体型、外开口、内庭院、拔风井和回廊的巧妙设计,在建筑内、外区都可以达到满意的自然通风换气次数。     

自然通风潜力评估体系的建立与应用

提出了一种新的自然通风潜力评估体系框架,运用自然通风基本理论,引入新的分析指标———自然通风压差帕时数PDPH,建立了自然通风潜力评估模型,并对广州地区某住宅建筑的自然通风潜力进行了分析和评估.该模型简单实用,能够对不同气象参数地区的通风潜力进行评估,有助于选择适宜的建筑设计方案.     

基于CFD的室内自然通风及热舒适性的模拟

自然通风条件下室内空气流动及其对热舒适性的影响是住宅设计的重要因素．基于计算流体力学方法,应用Fluent软件,开展了自然通风热舒适性的研究．建立了天津某小区高层住宅建筑中两种户型的计算模型,对夏季典型气候下室内自然通风情况进行了模拟分析探讨了风向、风速和气温对室内自然通风的速度场和热舒适指数的影响．得出了A型房间的通风效果要优于B型房间的结论．利用数值方法对住宅的自然通风进行模拟,不仅可以评价房间的自然通风效果,而且对于住宅户型的设计具有重要的参考价值．     

通过实测室温确定住宅的自然通风状况

住宅自然通风状况的研究有助于住宅设计,使之更加有利于改善空气品质和节能。通过分析比较实测室温和模拟室温,根据状态空间法逐时确定出房间的通风换气频率。并以北京市的3户住宅为研究对象,从以下几个方面讨论计算结果的有效性,模拟室温的计算误差满足精度要求;计算通风换气频率一般小于10h-1,但最高可达50h-1,同时,计算通风换气频率的变化表现出了风压和住户调节行为的影响。故计算通风换气频率大体上符合住宅实际的自然通风状况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with