农田防护林带组合方式对近地面风速作用特征的影响

为了揭示农田防护林带组合方式对近地面风速的影响,通过实地空间多点观测,研究防护区风速分布特征。研究结果表明,对于垂直相交林带而言,根据林带对风速影响程度的差异可分为主林带和副林带,在主林带附近弱风区位于0～150m范围内,风速值主要在6.38～7.56m/s之间变化,而距主林带200～280m处风速值在8.06～9.23m/s之间。在副林带附近风速值相对比主林带附近高,风速降低较之主林带附近区域弱,说明该林带对这种风流特征的影响程度弱于主林带。在林网内,形成了一个全面的防护区,风速值小于旷野风速值,只在林缘附近1H范围内风速值接近旷野值11.0m/s,在林网中心区有一个风速低峰区,林网内风速最低值出现在林缘附近4～8H区域内,可见网状配置林带防护效果最佳。     

不同生长发育阶段木麻黄农田防护林的防风效应

为了探讨农田防护林的防风效果,2006年11月对东山岛单条木麻黄农田防护林带和两条林带内外区域的风速进行了测定.结果表明:农田防护林内外风速呈抛物线状变化,最小值出现在单条林带后10h处,两条林带后15h处,距离后移了5h,而且风速值在逐渐降低.空间表面图为波浪状曲面,等值线分布比较均一.弯曲不大,中间出现一些小的闭合区域.     

徐淮平原杨树林带的胁地规律

对徐淮平原杨树林带胁地段内小麦产量的变化规律进行分析。结果表明,农田林网内的小麦产量存在着明显的减产区、平产区和增产区。林带侧0．4H(H为林带平均高度)范围内为减产区,0．7H左右为平产区,0．7H以外为增产区;林带对其北侧和西侧小麦的影响严重,且影响范围较大,而在林带南侧和东侧的小麦所受胁地影响较轻;林木冠幅(平均投影面积)对近林带处小麦的产量影响较大。在影响农作物产量的主要因素中,树冠遮荫对小麦的生长发育有着更加明显的抑制作用;林带断根措施可有效防止根系从农田土壤内吸收水分和养分,能够在一定程度上降低林带树木根系的胁地影响。     

通风巷道围岩与空气换热的数值模拟

为有效利用巷道内排除的热空气,以大隆矿区矿井通风巷道为例,采用分离求解方法,对巷道围岩一空气换热系统进行三维数值模拟,分析巷道空气出口平均温度71P、巷道围岩与巷道内空气的平均总传热系数K、巷道空气平均出口热流密度q、风速口的变化规律。结果表明：v在0．2～1．0m／s时,耳较大;v越小,砟越接近于围岩初始温度。v在5．0～7．0m／s内,对K影响不大;当v〈5．0m／s时,K呈线性规律降低。v在0．2～5．0m／s时,q呈二次曲线渐变过程。丁随着”的减小、巷道长度的增加而增加。该结果为进一步研究围岩与空气的换热问题奠定了基础。     

广东省沙质海岸营造防风固沙试验示范林模式研究

进行了适生固沙灌,草的选草,草的选育,栽培以及及减轻沿海热带气旋危害并延缓沙土向内陆移动速度等的研究,营造乔,灌,草综合治试验试验模式示范林,并筛选出防风固沙效果好的4个大麻黄优良无性系,3个灌木和5个适于林带前沿至高潮线沙带种植的草木植物,从林带前沿到农田旱地设置 3道防风屏联,采取这些技术措施后,试验示范林内和林后风速降低了43．5－68．7％,4－5m/s风速已不再起飞沙,林内的自然植被增加,喜湿润的植物生长良好,防风固沙效果显著。     

不规则波对透空式建筑物上部结构冲击作用时域分析

对透空式建筑物上部结构的不规则波冲击作用进行了试验研究．试验靶谱是JONSWAP谱，试验中选取的入射波波高H1/3的范围为0．10～0．25m，谱峰周期Tp的范围为1．0～2．0s，结构物底面距静水面的高度s与入射波高H1/3之比的范围为-0．1～0．4．给出了不同试验组次的结构物底面所受波浪冲击压力的统计分析结果，得出结构物底面所受波浪冲击压力的特征值沿结构物底面分布特性．s／H1/3对作用于结构物底面的冲击压力峰值有很大影响，冲击压力峰值最大值出现在s／H1/3=0．1～0．2．     

普陀区风能分析

利用沈家门30年风速资料及近几年建设的8个自动气象站风速资料,对普陀区的风能资源特征量进行计算分析.结果表明,普陀区属于风能资源丰富区,具有很高的开发价值.年平均风速3.9～6.7 m/s,风速分布自西向东逐渐增大.风速≥3 m/s的年有效风速时为5 568～7 708 h,风速≥6 m/s的年有效风速时为2 206～4 699 h.平均风能密度最大值达298.5W/m2,最小值为130.4 W/m2.风能随高度而明显增加,而50～70 m这层厚度上风能变化不大.并分析了4个最佳风能区风速和风向频率,可以极大提高风能的利用率.     

铸态淬火低合金马氏体白口铸铁磨球的研制

在砂型铸造条件下．含 １．7～2．3％C、0．5～１．0％Sｉ、0．4～１．0％Mn、0．3～0．7％Cr、0．3～０．7％Ｃｕ的白口铸铁磨球经１．０～１．5％１＃稀土硅铁合金、０．１％A１处理，在８００～900℃利用铸造余热水淬一定时间，并经280～350℃回火，硬度达HRC55以上．在有效高度为4．２m的磨球跌落试验机上．跌落破碎次数超过 5万次．DTM250／390球磨机工业应用试验结果表明．磨制无烟煤的吨煤磨球磨耗比稀土低碳白口铸铁磨球降低44．8％．     

包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系近地面流场特征

基于地形和流场实测，研究了包兰铁路沙坡头段铁路防护体系近地面流场沿NNW-SSE方向的变化．结果表明，由于地形变化以及人工植被和草方格的存在，防护带内等风速线沿风向呈逐渐变疏和抬高的趋势，各高度的风速总体上呈递减趋势，风速放大率为负；沙丘迎风坡风速放大率为正，流动沙丘迎风坡风速放大率高于固定沙丘迎风坡．沙丘背风坡2．5m高度内风速放大率总体为负．防护带内的固定沙丘背风坡气流通体减速，各高度的风速放大率全部为负，平均为一1．48％／m．防护带内地表空气动力学特征发生变化，其中沙丘迎风坡地表风速廓线接近于对数率；人工植被带地表空气动力学粗糙度显著高于流沙区．     

流化床气化炉的制气工艺及其在制氢中的应用

提出一种间歇式循环流化床煤制气工艺在我国氢气生产上的应用．该制气工艺由煤的燃烧和气化两个阶段组成，即由预热的空气和过热蒸汽分别进入气化炉内，与煤发生燃烧反应和水煤气化反应．试验表明，对于不同煤种的典型水煤气组分，H2，CO，CO2，CH4体积分数分别为58．81％～61．12％，15．3％～19．5％，8．4％～10．6％，6．83％～6．92％．该水煤气经过变压吸附装置(PSA)及其他系列装置获得最终的产品氢气．氢气的纯度为99．998％，氢气的产率为0．5～0．7m^3／kg(煤)，其成本约为0．8元／m^3．日产氢气10000m^3／d规模的设备投资约为900万元．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with