等离子化学气相沉积硬膜技术研究

用等离子体化学气相沉积（ＰＣＶＤ）技术制备了ＴｉＮ、ＴｉＣ、Ｔｉ（ＣＮ）和（ＴｉＳｉ）Ｎ膜及其组合的多层膜。ＰＣＶＤ具有很好的覆盖性，ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ具有很好的耐磨、蚀性，膜与基体结合良好，因而用ＰＣＶＤ法在高速钢刀具、模具及轴承上沉积ＴｉＮ可大大提高其使用寿命。ＰＣＶＤ－ＴｉＮ和Ｔｉ（ＣＮ）膜无明显柱状晶，其显微硬度高于ＴｉＮ亦可用于高速钢刀具、模具上提高其使用寿命。ＰＣＶＤ－（ＴｉＳｉ）Ｎ，晶     

Ti和AlN陶瓷的界面反应

采用电子束蒸发的方法在抛光的２００℃ＡｌＮ陶瓷衬底上淀积厚度为２００ｎｍ的Ｔｉ膜，并在高真空中退火．利用二次离子质谱（ＳＩＭＳ）、卢瑟福背散射谱（ＲＢＳ）、俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）和Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）技术，研究了从２００～８５０℃温区内Ｔｉ与ＡｌＮ的固相界面反应，给出了界面组分分布随退火温度和时间的变化关系．在界面区发现了三元铝化物并观测到铝化物产生与发展过程．指出铝化物由Ｔｉ－Ａｌ二元和Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｎ三元化合物组成．最后利用热力学理论对实验结果进行了解释     

涂层成份及结构的X射线光电子谱分析

以硬质合金作为衬底，分别采用了化学涂层（ＣＶＤ）和物理化学涂层（ＰＣＶＤ）的技术涂复Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－ＴｉＮ硬质膜，应用Ｘ射线光电子谱分析（ＸＰＳ）技术，研究涂层表面化学成分、元素化学状态、物相组成及其随深度的变化。涂层表面由Ｔｉ，Ｎ，Ｃ，Ｏ和Ｃｏ组成；表面物相包括ＴｉＮ，ＴｉＯ＿ｘ及ＣｏＯ．随着深度的增加，Ｔｉ：Ｎ迅速变为１，而ＴｉＯ＿ｘ和ＣｏＯ含量急剧减少．     

利用离子束辅助沉积技术在GCr15钢基上生成TiCxNy膜的研究

用离子束辅助沉积技术在ＧＣｒ１５钢基体上形成了ＴｉＣｘＮｙ膜．ＴＥＭ观察揭示，膜呈多晶结构，具有（１１１），（２００）和（２２０）择优取向．ＡＥＳ和ＸＰＳ分析进一步证实，ＴｉＣｘＮｙ膜呈含氧配置．膜的硬度和摩擦特性与Ｎ含量有关，Ｎ的过高含量对提高表面硬度不明显，但摩擦特性明显下降．在作者的实验条件下，以３×１０１７／ｃｍ２的注量为宜．干摩擦表明，膜的抗氧化性能优良．不仅存在能有效地抑制基体在摩擦过程中形成的氧化皮，又由于硬度高，润滑性良好，还能显著地改善基体的耐磨粒磨损特性．     

合成TiN膜的俄歇电子能谱研究

采用离子束增强沉积方法（ＩＢＥＤ），在Ｆｅ基上制备了ＴｉＮ薄膜。通过划痕仪，透射电镜（ＴＥＭ），俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ），粘着力测量仪的观测，分析和计算，给出了膜的形貌，组分和机械特性；发现ＴｉＮ膜与衬底之间存在一过渡区，膜中含氧量比气相真空沉积（ＣＶＤ）明显减小。在ＡＥＳ定量计算中，本文采用一种与文献不同的方法，较为简便地处理了俄歇谱中Ｔｉ和Ｎ峰的重叠现象     

工模具钢离子束混合改性层的组织结构与性能

研究了Ｍ２钢表面ＴｉＮ涂层的组织结构和性能。这种涂层是通过真空沉 积Ｔｉ原子和注入Ｎ离子交替进行的离子束混合技术实现的。每次沉积Ｔｉ原 子厚度１０００～４０００Ａ，注入Ｎ离子能量６０和９０ｋｅＶ，剂量２×１０１７～８×１０１７ Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２．分析讨论了改性层的相组成及其强化机制。结果表明，在适宜工艺 下，改性层具有高硬度、高耐磨性和优良的结合力。     

Al_2O_3 弥散 Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具

在Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷中，通过加入Ａｌ２Ｏ３弥散颗粒，使材料的硬度和高温性能都得到提高，从而获得更好的切削耐磨性。研究结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３的引入使Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷的常温强度和韧性有所下降而硬度和高温力学性能得到了改善。切削试验表明：Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３系金属陶瓷比硬质合金、Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ复合陶瓷刀具有更好的切削性能。ＳＥＭ观察表明：在Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３金属陶瓷中，Ａｌ２Ｏ３与Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）有相互抑制晶粒生长的作用，使Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷的晶粒更细化     

多弧离子法制备的Ti（C,N）膜微结构随C2H2／N2流量比变…

用多弧离子法在高速钢（Ｗ１８Ｃｒ４Ｖ）基底上沉积了Ｔｉ（Ｎ，Ｃ）薄膜，并运用ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ对该膜微观结构随进气流量ｒ＝Ｇ２Ｈ２／Ｎ２变化的情况进行了测试和分析。结果表明薄膜随ｒ增加趋于致密，在ｒ值较小时呈现较强的（１１１）择优取向，随着ｒ值增大，（１１１）是这一取向逐渐变弱，（２２０）取向渐强，薄膜呈现典型耐心立方结构，主要万分为复合相Ｔｉ（ｎ，Ｃ）膜含有少量石墨相成分存在。     

等离子炉碳（氮）化处理高钛高炉渣

用氮等离子体对高钛渣进行碳（氮）化处理，在１７００℃下停留１ｈ，可使渣中钛的碳（氮）化转化率达９２％，大于２０μｍ的Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）晶粒约４０％，用重选方法选别碳化渣可得到含Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）５０％以上精矿，钛的回收率可达９０％以上。     

采用MBDM法获得高性能高分子膜的研究

采用多束动态混合法在３０４不锈钢样品表面成功地制备出ＰＴＦＥ（聚四氟乙烯）和ＰＥＥＫ（聚醚醚酮）混合的高性能高分子复合膜，共结合力约７０Ｎ，耐蚀能力提高２０倍，摩擦系数达到０．０７￣０．１４，比授能吸收剂量在于１０＾６Ｇｙ。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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