N－（4－乙酰基戊酰）－四氢噻唑－2－硫酮的合成及其酰胺化反应

在碘化Ｎ－甲基－２－氯吡啶盐存在下，将４－乙酰基戊酸与四氢噻唑－２－硫酮反应，可获得Ｎ－（４－乙酰基戊酰）．四氢噻唑－２－硫酮，产率５３．８％。将产物Ｉ分别与环己胺、二乙胺、α－苯乙胺进行胺解，得到相应的４－乙酰基酰胺衍生物Ⅱ＿（ａ－ｃ），产率８５％～９４％。     

2—甲基—5—氯苯并米唑的合成研究

合成了２－甲基－５－氯苯并米唑１．乙酰栖胺经氯代制得４－氯乙酰苯胺５，产率６７．３％；５硝化得到－硝基－５－氯乙酰苯胺６，产率７０．８％；６经还原环化得到１，产率７８．４％。研究了各步合成的条件及其对产率的影响，并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

菊酸构型的转化及消化旋反式菊酸的光学拆分

混合消旋菊酸在含有ＡｌＢｒ３的二氧六环中可消旋化为ｄｌ－反式菊酸，产率ω为９６％。ｄｌ－反式菊酸用自制的（Ｒ）－（＋）－脱氢松香酸降解胺（却１－氨基－１，４ａ－二甲基－７－异丙基－１，２，３，４，４ａ，９，１０，１０ａ－八氢化菲）拆分可得ｄ－反式菊酸，二次拆分光学纯度为９５．４％￣９９％ｅｅ。回收的富含１－反式菊酸的副产物在ＡｌＢｒ３的二氧六环中加入微量的叔丁基过氧化氢（ｔ－ＢｕＯＯＨ）可消旋化并     

2－苯亚甲基－3－丁酮酸乙酯与芳香胺的Mannich反应

２－苯亚甲基－３－丁酮酸乙酯与芳香胺和ｗ＝３７％甲醛水溶液或芳胺和甲醛的缩合物在氯化氢－无水乙醇存在下可直接发生的Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，得到１－对位取代芳基－２－苯基－３－羰乙氧基－哌啶－４－酮。共合成了６个新化合物，产率为４７％～６１％，用ＩＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲＭＳ和元素分析确定了结构。     

新型五元环状过氧化物衍生物的合成方法

环状过氧化物作为一类具有生物活性的天然产物的结构单位,其合成方法的研究对于这类天然产物的合成具有重要的指导作用。在醋酸锰（Ⅲ）与氧气的存在下, 苯乙炔与２, ４－戊二酮反应生成４－乙酰基－３－甲基－５－苯甲酰基－１,２－二氧五环－３－醇（１４％ ）,２－乙酰基－３－苯甲酰基环氧丙烷（２６％ ）与２－乙酰基－３－甲基－４－苯基呋喃（５％ ）; ４－甲基苯乙炔在相同条件下反应得到相应的１, ２－二氧五环衍生物,产率约为１２％ ; 初步探讨了该类五元环状过氧化物衍生物的游离基生成机理     

四氢喹啉型杂环分散染料的研究──四氢喹啉N-烷基化和染料氰化的相转移催化

采用相转移催化对２，２，４－三甲基－１，２，３，４－四氢喹啉进行了Ｎ－乙基化 的研究，此方法得到９５％产率的Ｎ－乙基－２，２，４－三甲基－１，２，３，４－四氢喹啉。 用该化合物的衍生物合成了含嗅的偶氮分散染料，并将此染料进行相转移催 化氰化；所得的两个含氰基蓝色杂环分散染料，它们的摩尔吸收系数高达 ８０ ０００～９０ ０００ ｍ２／ｍｏｌ。     

4—苯基—2—丁酮与芳香醛和芳香胺的Mannich反应

在催化量浓盐酸作用下，４－苯基－２－丁酮与芳香醛和芳香胺直接发生Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，生成５－苯基－１－芳基－１芳胺基－３－戊酮，产率７５％～９２％，共得到１５个新化合物，它们的结构都经元素分析。ＩＲ和ＭＳ证实。     

（R）－2－甲基－1，4－丁二醇及其衍生物的合成研究

手性２－甲基－１，４－丁二醇及其衍生物是合成各种手性近晶型液晶材料以及手性天然生物活性物质的重要中间体，以３－甲基－３－丁烯－１－醇为原料利用改进的不对称硼氢化－氧化反应，成功地合成了（Ｒ）－２－甲基－１，４－丁二醇以及其２种手性衍生物：（Ｒ）－２－甲基－４－四氢吡喃氧基－１－醇和（Ｒ）－２－甲基－４－四氢吡喃氧基丁醛．用ＩＲ及１ＨＮＭＲ进行表征，这３种目标产物的全合成的光学产率均为８４．９％．     

2－甲基－5－氯苯并咪唑的合成研究

合成了２－甲基－５－氯苯并咪唑１．乙酰苯胺经氯代制得４－氯乙酰苯胺５，产率６７．３％；５硝化得到－硝基－５－氯乙酰苯胺６，产率７０．８％；６经还原环化得到１，产率７８．４％．研究了各步合成的条件及其对产率的影响，并对实验结果进行了讨论．     

4－苯基－2－丁酮与芳香醛和芳香胺的Mannich反应

在催化量浓盐酸作用下，４－苯基－２－丁酮与芳香醛和芳香胺直接发生Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，生成５－苯基－１－芳基－１－芳胺基－３－戊酮．产率７５％～９２％．共得到１５个新化合物．它们的结构都经元素分析、ＩＲ和ＭＳ证实．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that