Climate change and evolutionary adaptation

Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges are to understand when evolution will occur and to identify potential evolutionary winners as well as losers, such as species lacking adaptive capacity living near physiological limits. Evolutionary processes also need to be incorporated into management programmes designed to minimize biodiversity loss under rapid climate change. These challenges can be met through realistic models of evolutionary change linked to experimental data across a range of taxa.     

中国黄土区东亚古季风气候与冰期气候对比研究

研究了中国黄土区冰期气候与季风气候记录;进行了黄土磁化率与大洋δ１８Ｏ曲线对比,并且将黄土组合—古土壤组合与冰期－间冰期气候进行了比较。结果表明：黄土组合与古土壤组合记录了冰期气候与间冰期气候;中国黄土—古土壤堆积是全球冰期—间冰期气候变化与东亚古季风气候变化共同作用的结果。     

ENSO事件对中国东部降水的影响研究

ENSO事件是影响全球气候异常的强信号 ,目前人们就ENSO事件对我国气候影响的研究 ,主要集中在夏季旱涝、台风和东北低温上 ,而在其对气候的季节影响方面研究的较少 .本文主要利用 1915年至 1998年我国东部 36个站点的月降水量等数据资料 ,采用X2 检验的统计方法 ,试图在一个更长的时间序列上来研究我国四季降水与EN SO事件的关系 .统计结果表明 :ENSO事件对中国东部降水的影响随季节、地区的不同而出现不同的特点 .夏季和秋季是ENSO事件与中国季节降水相关较显著的季节 ,其中尤以秋季更为显著 ,华北和华中地区是相关较好的地区 .     

云南雷暴的气候变化特征

 利用云南113个常规气象站1961～2006年雷暴日数资料,采用旋转经验正交展开方法将云南划分为6个气候区域,并在此基础上对雷暴日数进行时空变化分析.结果表明:云南省雷暴自1961年以来呈现显著减少的趋势,且在1980s发生过一次显著减少的突变.从地域分布上看,各个区域的雷暴均呈减少趋势,其中以南部和西南部减少最显著.雷暴初日、终日均有提早趋势,而间隔日数则有加长的趋势,但均不能达到统计学意义上的显著水平.     

Climate change. Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic

The warming of the Alaskan Arctic during the past 150 years has accelerated over the last three decades and is expected to increase vegetation productivity in tundra if shrubs become more abundant; indeed, this transition may already be under way according to local plot studies and remote sensing. Here we present evidence for a widespread increase in shrub abundance over more than 320 km of Arctic landscape during the past 50 years, based on a comparison of historic and modern aerial photographs. This expansion will alter the partitioning of energy in summer and the trapping and distribution of snow in winter, as well as increasing the amount of carbon stored in a region that is believed to be a net source of carbon dioxide.