高压静电场诱发小麦根尖染色体畸变的分析

用高压静电场（ＨＶＥＦ）处理萌发的小麦种子、诱发小麦根尖染色体畸变,发现经ＨＶＥＦ诱变后,小麦染色体具畸变频率高,畸变类型多等特点,其畸变类型主要为染色体桥、染色体落后和染体断片,同时也见到不等分裂、单极纺锤体和多极钫锤体等,并对以体畸谱类型进行了比较分析。     

普通小麦与天蓝偃麦草杂交第一代的细胞学研究

普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)与天蓝偃麦草(Agropyron glaucum)远缘杂交第一代无性繁殖第七年花粉败育表现完全不育。在花粉母细胞减数分裂的各个时期中,能观察到单价体、落后染色体、染色体桥以及三分体、五分体、六分体,花粉粒呈教育型。这些异常变化是导致后代不育的原因所在。     

普通小麦与天蓝偃麦草杂交第一代的细胞学研究

普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)与天蓝偃麦草(Agropyron glaucum)远缘杂交第一代无性繁殖第七年花粉败育表现完全不育。在花粉母细胞减数分裂的各个时期中,能观察到单价体、落后染色体、染色体桥以及三分体、五分体、六分体,花粉粒呈教育型。这些异常变化是导致后代不育的原因所在。     

重离子注入对小麦染色体畸变率的影响

采用中科院近代物理研究所100kev、200kev及20mev离子注入机,产生不同剂量的C~(1 )、N~(1 )、Fe~(1 )对春小麦品种“81529”及N~(7 )对“82579”进入注入实验,研究对小麦染色体畸变率的影响及其生理生化效应。 研究结果表明:①不同离子同一剂量对小麦染色体畸变率的影响不同;②同一离子随剂量的增加染色体畸变率呈上升趋势;③小麦剥皮后提高了离子注入的敏感性;④中能离子注入对小麦染色体畸变率的影响更为明显;⑤Fe~(1 )离子注入可使小麦种子呼吸强度增强;⑥重离子N~(7 )注入对小麦可溶性蛋白质和过氧化物酶的影响效果随剂量的增加更为明显。     

环磷酰胺诱发蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变的分析

以蚕豆根法为实验材料，研究了环磷酰胺对间期微核细胞及染色体畸变的作用，并对环磷酰胺的诱变机理进行了分析，提出了环磷酰胺可能通过激发细胞内的自由基反应而导致染色体畸变的观点。     

醋酸铅对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变的研究

为探讨醋酸铅染毒对细胞内染色体完整性和染色体分离的影响，本试验用0．5％，1％，2％的醋酸铅对小鼠经腹腔注射进行染毒，用生理盐水作对照，每天1次，每次0．1ml，连续7天，第8天处死染毒小鼠．取小鼠骨髓细胞制片，对骨髓细胞染色体畸变率进行分析．结果显示，骨髓细胞染色体畸变率随醋酸铅浓度增高而升高，最低致畸剂量为醋酸铅0．5％．该结果表明，醋酸铅对小鼠的骨髓细胞有很强的遗传毒性．     

环磷酰胺诱发蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变的分析

以蚕豆根尖为实验材料,研究了环磷酰胺对间期微核细胞及染色体畸变的作用,并对环磷酰胺的诱变机理进行了分析,提出了环磷酰胺可能通过激发细胞内的自由基反应而导致染色体畸变的观点。     

~(211)At碲胶体体外诱导的家猪淋巴细胞染色体畸变

用~(211)At碲胶体在体外培养条件下,诱发家猪淋巴细胞染色体畸变.对试验结果进行了回归分析,作出剂量—效应直线.实验结果说明,由~(211)At辐射出的α—射线引起的细胞损伤中,染色质损伤是重要因素,而且损伤效率很高.     

镉对蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变的影响

通过光学显微镜观察发现,蚕豆根尖经镉染毒后,染色体会发生畸变,在一定浓度和时间范围内,畸变率随浓度和时间的增加而增加,但当大于或小于这一浓度或时间范围后,畸变率反而减少.在蚕豆根尖细胞染色体的几种畸变中,以染色体断片出现的几率最高,染色体环出现的几率最低. 本文讨论了蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变与染毒的浓度和时间的关系.     

Functional genomic analysis of C. elegans chromosome I by systematic RNA interference

Complete genomic sequence is known for two multicellular eukaryotes, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and it will soon be known for humans. However, biological function has been assigned to only a small proportion of the predicted genes in any animal. Here we have used RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) to target nearly 90% of predicted genes on C. elegans chromosome I by feeding worms with bacteria that express double-stranded RNA. We have assigned function to 13.9% of the genes analysed, increasing the number of sequenced genes with known phenotypes on chromosome I from 70 to 378. Although most genes with sterile or embryonic lethal RNAi phenotypes are involved in basal cell metabolism, many genes giving post-embryonic phenotypes have conserved sequences but unknown function. In addition, conserved genes are significantly more likely to have an RNAi phenotype than are genes with no conservation. We have constructed a reusable library of bacterial clones that will permit unlimited RNAi screens in the future; this should help develop a more complete view of the relationships between the genome, gene function and the environment.     

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of Dictyostelium discoideum

The genome of the lower eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum comprises six chromosomes. Here we report the sequence of the largest, chromosome 2, which at 8 megabases (Mb) represents about 25% of the genome. Despite an A + T content of nearly 80%, the chromosome codes for 2,799 predicted protein coding genes and 73 transfer RNA genes. This gene density, about 1 gene per 2.6 kilobases (kb), is surpassed only by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (one per 2 kb) and is similar to that of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (one per 2.5 kb). If we assume that the other chromosomes have a similar gene density, we can expect around 11,000 genes in the D. discoideum genome. A significant number of the genes show higher similarities to genes of vertebrates than to those of other fully sequenced eukaryotes. This analysis strengthens the view that the evolutionary position of D. discoideum is located before the branching of metazoa and fungi but after the divergence of the plant kingdom, placing it close to the base of metazoan evolution.     

Linkage analysis on chromosome 2 in essential hypotension pedigrees

It is a new approach to study the important genes related to the control of blood pressure by probing into hypotension and hypertension at the same time. Genome scanning on whole chromosome 2 in 8 hypotension pedigrees has been done and parameter (LOD score) and non-pa- rameter (NPL score) were used in the linkage analysis by GENEHUNTER software. The results show the evidence of linkage between D2S112 and D2S117, indicating a number of critical genes may lie in thisregion and contribute to the mechanism of blood pressure regulation. Also this region has been found in the previous study in hypertension pedigrees. These genes may play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and can also be the important candidate genes in hypertension studies.     

酒精对妊娠母鼠及胎鼠的微核率及染色体畸变的研究

有关酒精对ＤＮＡ损伤的效应，已引起国内外学者的注意，本实验以昆明小鼠为实验材料，检测酒精对母台鼠微核出现率及母鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率的变化，以了解酒精对遗传物质的影响，为防止酒精对人体健康的严重危害提供科学依据。     

碳离子不同入射深度上番茄种子的发芽率和染色体畸变

作者用碳离子束辐照多层重叠番茄种子的方法,研究了离子的入射深度与种子的发芽率和根尖细胞染色体畸变水平之间的关系,结果表明:置于离子束通道部位的种子发芽率较高,染色体畸变水平则较低;置于离子射程末端Bragg峰区的种子发芽率较低,染色体畸变水平则较高。这些趋势与离子在入射深度上的物理剂量分布特点相一致。     

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is unique among plant model organisms in having a small genome (130-140 Mb), excellent physical and genetic maps, and little repetitive DNA. Here we report the sequence of chromosome 2 from the Columbia ecotype in two gap-free assemblies (contigs) of 3.6 and 16 megabases (Mb). The latter represents the longest published stretch of uninterrupted DNA sequence assembled from any organism to date. Chromosome 2 represents 15% of the genome and encodes 4,037 genes, 49% of which have no predicted function. Roughly 250 tandem gene duplications were found in addition to large-scale duplications of about 0.5 and 4.5 Mb between chromosomes 2 and 1 and between chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Sequencing of nearly 2 Mb within the genetically defined centromere revealed a low density of recognizable genes, and a high density and diverse range of vestigial and presumably inactive mobile elements. More unexpected is what appears to be a recent insertion of a continuous stretch of 75% of the mitochondrial genome into chromosome 2.     

Genes for resistance to stripe rust on chromosome 2B and their application in wheat breeding

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economic and environmental friendly way to control the disease. There are many resistance genes to stripe rust located on wheat chromosome 2B. Here, we propose a strategy to construct the recombinant wheat chromosome 2B with multiple resistances to stripe rust by making crosses between wheat lines or cultivars carrying Yr genes and using marker-assisted selection, based on the reported information about resistance spectrum, chromosomal location, and linked markers of the genes. Pyramiding the resistance genes on 2B would afford a valuable strategy to control the disease by cultivating varieties with durable resistance. The possibility, efficiency, and prospect of the suggested strategy are reviewed in the paper.     

维生素C泡腾颗粒剂制备中的色差问题及其解决

目的:解决维生素C泡腾颗粒剂制备中着色剂的色差问题.方法:采用酸碱两相分开湿法制粒,两相中色素不均等的处方,比较制备过程中的色差.结果:酸碱两相中加入的色素量多少直接影响维生素C泡腾颗粒剂的色泽.结论:酸碱两相分开湿法制粒时,酸相与碱相中所加色素日落黄不可平分,酸相中色素约占总量的38.5%,碱相中色素约占61.5%时色差最小.     

磁透镜九级几何像差计算机辅助分析

 首先计算出在一特定参量下磁透镜各九级几何像差系数.然后利用计算机分析该特定参量下10类九级几何像差在高斯像平面上的散射图形.