预制带肋钢筋桁架叠合板的试验与有限元分析

目的针对现有叠合板的不足,研制出了一种新型预制带肋钢筋桁架叠合板.方法通过对3块预制带肋钢筋桁架叠合板和1块预制钢筋桁架叠合板进行三分点静力加载试验,并利用有限元软件对4个试件的施工阶段、使用阶段进行模拟计算,研究在使用阶段荷载下该新型叠合板的受力特征、裂缝开展规律、破坏形态和在施工阶段预制底板的受力性能.结果有限元模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,该种板型叠合板具有良好的抗裂、抗剪性能,刚度和承载力也满足规范要求.结论施工阶段预制底板的版型对挠度的影响较大,该种板型可以解决预制底板在施工阶段挠度过大的问题.带肋钢筋桁架叠合板兼具现浇板整体性好和预制装配式叠合板施工速度快的优点,可以达到节约钢筋、降低板厚的目的.     

混合配筋预应力混凝土密肋楼盖弹性设计

根据经典弹性薄板理论,建立双向密肋楼盖的力学平衡方程,推导出双向密肋楼盖在x、y方向上的抗弯刚度计算公式,并按正交各向异性板,推导出周边简支混合配筋预应力混凝土双向密肋楼盖的弯矩分配公式,计算结果与数值模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好．     

自然边界元法在弹性圆形薄板弯曲问题中的应用

利用圆内双调和方程的格林函数，通过自然边界归化，得到了圆形薄板弯曲挠度的泊松积分公式及其边界内力的自然积分方程，利用强奇异积分的数值计算方法，求得了圆形薄板的弯曲解，从实践上证实了这种方法的可行性。     

预应力带肋板与叠合板抗弯性能试验

目的研究预应力带肋板和预应力带肋叠合板的抗弯受力性能,为在实际工程中的应用以及数值模拟分析提供参考依据.方法采用自行设计的预应力带肋板与叠合板,分别对预应力带肋板与预应力带肋叠合板进行均布加载试验,并采用ABAQUS软件进行模拟与试验数据对比,通过试验数据、试验现象分析力学性能.结果净跨4 640 mm的预应力(肋宽:120 mm、肋高:70 mm)带肋板在预应力度λ=0.47,施工荷载2 k Pa作用时,施工期间不需要加设支撑,可以满足承载力、挠度和变形要求;预应力带肋叠合板的最大跨度通过计算可以达到5 100 mm.预应力带肋叠合板的挠度、裂缝在达到使用荷载时均满足要求.预应力带肋叠合板的结合面没有出现起皮、错层现象.结论新型的预应力带肋叠合板具有制作工序简单、整体性能良好的优点,且板上所凸起的肋取代了常见叠合板结构中的桁架筋,既节约了大量钢筋,又能够满足施工过程中的吊装要求.     

考虑预应力筋拉应变滞后的混凝土梁刚度统一

根据裂缝间钢筋平均应变符合平截面假定,分别考虑预应力筋与非预应力筋处于相同和不同水平位置处,详细推导了裂缝截面处后张有黏结预应力筋的拉应变滞后系数.结合前期完成的刚度计算规范比较结果,借鉴精度较好的刚度计算模式,并通过大量挠度试验数据,提出了考虑预应力筋拉应变滞后特点的混凝土梁刚度计算公式.结果表明:不论对钢筋混凝土梁,还是对各类预应力混凝土梁,该刚度公式计算值与实测值均符合较好,从而将钢筋混凝土梁和预应力混凝土梁的刚度公式统一起来;特别是对后张有黏结和无黏结预应力混凝土梁,相比现行混凝土结构设计规范刚度公式,该刚度公式计算精度更高,可为规范修订提供参考.     

基于裂缝特征的PC简支梁损伤刚度评估方法

为了研究预应力混凝土(PC)梁桥下挠与开裂后的结构性能评估方法,基于预应力混凝土简支梁的弯曲裂缝统计特征,考虑材料非线性特征,采用截面数值分析法,建立截面平衡迭代格式和截面损伤刚度表达式,提出了基于裂缝特征的预应力混凝土简支梁损伤刚度评估方法。分别采用规范法、基于实际裂缝特征的方法以及截面平衡分析法进行了模型桥验证。试验结果表明,截面一旦开裂,截面刚度迅速衰减,挠度迅速增大,刚度的衰减呈前快后慢的特点。采用本文提出的计算方法得到的荷载挠度曲线最接近于试验值。     

冻融后预应力混凝土受弯构件正常使用极限状态分析

试验研究了5根预应力钢筋混凝土受弯试件经历不同冻融次数后的力学性能,通过对实验过程的分析及得到的荷载-挠度曲线,研究遭受冻融作用后预应力混凝土受弯构件使用阶段的跨中挠度随冻融次数的变化规律,参考规范法,将试验得到的开裂弯矩值与理论计算值进行对比,从而得出受冻融影响后的预应力混凝土受弯构件的短期刚度及开裂荷载仍然可以使用规范中的公式进行计算,只不过在计算时混凝土抗拉强度标准值及混凝土弹性模量应采用冻融循环后对应的实际值,研究内容能为我国寒区的预应力混凝土结构的变形验算提供参考。     

预应力叠合梁受弯性能的试验研究

针对二次受力部分预应力混凝土叠合梁的受弯性能与普通整浇梁相比具有明显的优点的问题,为了促进叠合结构的进一步推广和应用,通过对十根叠合试验梁的试验,探讨了正常使用阶段二次受力对叠合断面应力应变状态、裂缝的形成和发展、断面的短期刚度、挠度的影响,研究表明:当h1/h较小且M1/Mcr较大时,由于"扁梁弯曲效果"和"粘结增强效果"的双重作用,叠合梁的裂缝间距明显小于整浇对比梁;预制断面上残留的"荷载预应力"有助于提高叠合梁的初期抗弯刚度,在进行裂缝和刚度计算时建议考虑上述有利影响;通过合理选择h1/h、M1/ M和预应力大小可以化解应力超前现象,从而使构件的初期刚度和挠度符合规范和使用要求,充分体现此类构件的经济合理的优势.     

自然边界元法在弹性圆形薄板弯曲问题中的应用

我国学者冯康、余德浩等首创自然边界元法 ,并已成功地研究了调和方程及双调和方程边值问题的自然边界归化方法。本文根据双调和方程边值问题的自然边界归化原理 ,得到了圆形薄板弯曲挠度的泊松积分公式及其边界内力的自然积分方程 ,利用强奇异积分的数值计算方法 ,求得了圆形薄板的弯曲解 ,从实践上证实了这种方法的可行性。     

方波纹板和方形凹凸板等效刚度的解析公式

为了研究构造正交各向异方形凹凸板的等效刚度问题,应用Seydel的波纹板刚度计算公式和惯性矩求刚度法推导出方波纹板的弯曲刚度。在求得方波纹板弯曲刚度的基础上,考虑凹凸板的几何周期特性,将凹凸板划分为以凸起为中心的典型单元,先研究典型单元的刚度特性,再通过刚度组合方法得到了凹凸板的等效弯曲刚度。基于克希霍夫理论的正交构造异性板的小挠度弯曲方程,应用简支边矩形薄板的纳维解法,分别计算了在集中载荷作用下板的挠度和其自身的固有频率,与ANSYS有限元模拟结果进行对比,从而验证了所得等效刚度的精确性。除此之外讨论了方形凹凸板经典单元尺寸变化对其自身刚度的影响。本文给出的等效刚度解析方法便于工程应用,尤其在应对大规模凹凸板刚度求解中具有计算简便的优点。本研究结果可为凹凸板静动力学的研究发展以及实际工程应用提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.