高聚物分子链内旋转阻力与玻璃化温度的关系

影响高聚物玻璃化温度的因素很多,目前还没有一种有效的定量计算方法.为此,从高聚物的结构角度出发,将各种影响因素归纳为对高聚物分子链的内旋转阻力大小的影响,从定性角度能比较正确地判断出各种类型高聚物玻璃化温度的相对高低.     

含柔性间隔基团的主链型液晶高分子的分子场理论

研究了主链型液晶高分子中柔性间隔基因对聚合物结构和液晶性的影响规律。提出含柔性间隔基因液晶高分子中介品单元分子内取向的模型，及分子内取向分布和取向有序度参数等概念。探讨了分子内取向有序度参数和大分子中化学键的键角，内旋转二面角，内旋转位能等的定量关系。在上述概念和模型的基础上，提出了含柔性间隔基团液晶高分子的分子场理论。由此可从键角，内旋转二面角，内旋转位垒等结构参数计算液晶相变温度ＴＮＩ，取向有序度参数和热力学函数等。对上述理论的计算方法及应用也进行了讨论。理论和计算能较好地说明柔性间隔基团对ＴＮＩ等影响的规律。     

碳纳米管对聚苯乙烯分子运动的影响

利用DSC、流变仪和能量损耗仪等测试仪器,系统研究了碳纳米管加入到聚苯乙烯基体中后对不同长度聚苯乙烯分子链运动的影响.结果表明,碳纳米管加入到聚苯乙烯中后对聚苯乙烯的玻璃转变和液-液转变都产生了影响.碳纳米管的加入引起自由体积的增加只在一个很小的范围内影响了分子链段的运动,当质量分数为0.1%的碳纳米管加入时,链段运动速度增加,玻璃转变温度明显向低温方向移动;而由于范德华力的存在,高分子链会在碳纳米管表面选择吸附,从而使得整链运动时,参与运动的链单元尺寸降低,所以造成了整链运动时链间的耦合降低了.     

温度和炭黑对天然橡胶影响的分子动力学模拟

天然橡胶（natural rubber,NR）是常用的耗能减震材料,但温度及填料对其有明显影响。为了更好的发挥天然橡胶的力学性能,采用分子动力学（MD）方法,研究了温度T与炭黑（CB）含量β对天然橡胶静动态性能的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,定伸应力逐渐降低,储能模量下降,损耗模量上升,体系特征由玻璃态转变为粘流态,这表明温度极大影响了链段的运动,从而影响力学性能。此外,炭黑与分子链存在吸附作用,能有效增强材料的定伸应力、储能模量和损耗模量,对玻璃化温度也有提升效果。但填充比例达到40%后补强效果减弱,这可能与炭黑比表面积下降有关。     

多分散高分子固液界面吸附构型的Monte Carlo模拟

在格子模型基础上用M onte Carlo方法模拟研究了多分散高分子在固液界面的吸附行为,重点考察了平均分布和正态分布两种不同链长分布形式的高分子在固液界面吸附构型的分布规律。发现高分子不同的链长分布形式,对高分子吸附构型的性质影响较大。正态分布的高分子体系中高分子的3种吸附构型(T ails,Loops和T rains)的浓度和数目比相同条件下平均分布的高分子体系内要低得多。特别是当高分子链节吸附能较低时,两者的差别非常大。平均分布的高分子体系高分子吸附构型对温度和高分子总链节浓度的变化更加敏感。T ails构型由于受到高分子链节热运动以及吸附层压缩作用的影响,在高温或高吸附作用能下,其密度分布表现出和其他两种吸附构型完全不同的形式。温度、高分子链节吸附作用能以及高分子总链节浓度对3种吸附构型的影响和单分散体系趋势一致,但是存在着定量的差别。     

亲水链段PEG分子量对水性聚氨酯浇铸膜结晶性的影响

采用二级扩链技术，合成了同时具备阴离子型和非离子型大分子链结构的水性聚酯分散液，以红外光谱技术，就预聚反应时间和温度对反应程度的影响进行了表征，认为当初始合成温度为70℃时，以丁酮为稀释剂、DMPA为离子型亲水单体、乙二醇为一级扩链剂、三乙胺中和剂，三乙烯四胺为二级扩链剂，控制nNCO／nOH＝1．3，预聚反应5h，扩链反应2－4h，可获得具有良好稳定性的水性聚氨酯分散液，采用XRD、DSC等技术，研究了亲水链段PEG分子量对水性聚氨酯浇铸膜结晶性的影响，证实了所合成的水性PU结晶形态属于单斜晶系，且软链段结晶致密度程度随PEG分子量的增大而增加。     

羊毛纤维和黏胶长丝玻璃化转变的测试和应用

利用动态力学分析的温度扫描和湿度扫描试验测试了羊毛纤维和黏胶长丝的玻璃化转变,两种纤维在温度扫描试验中并没有表现出玻璃化转变行为,而在湿度扫描试验中存在玻璃化转变特有的特征.通过比较不同温度下的转变行为,初步探索了湿度及染色对黏胶长丝玻璃化转变的影响.     

多嵌段共聚物PET／PEO中的自由体积特性

利用正电子寿命谱的ＰＡＴＦＩＴ和ＭＥＬＴ分析程序，研究了多嵌段共聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯／环氧乙烷（ＰＥＴ／ＰＥＯ）的自由体积特性。从正电子寿命的最长分量随温度的变化发现，多嵌段共聚物有两个玻璃化转变温度，这表明多嵌段共聚物中ＰＥＯ和ＰＥＴ相的互容性较差，根据浅束缚态理论解释了玻璃化转变温度以下最长寿命分量强度的变化规律，并且 ＭＥＬＴ分析程序得到了自由体积浓度随温度的分布。     

磁流变液相变研究

基于简单偶极子模型计算磁流变液体系的自由能，考虑了体系中粒子的渗透压，研究磁流变液的液固相变.结果发现当外加磁场超过一临界值时，体系发生由液相向固相的转变，同时温度变化也引起磁流变液的相变.     

功能基团对高分子链内及链间相互作用的影响

通过苯乙烯与少量的甲基丙烯酸，马来酸酐或４－乙烯基吡啶的共聚及甲基丙烯酸正丁酯与马来酸酐的共聚，可在聚苯乙烯及聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯链上分别引入功能基团羧基，酸酐基和吡啶基，对其聚物红外光谱，酸碱滴定，元素分析，玻璃化转变温度，粘度及紫外光谱的测定，结果表明，通过在聚合物分子链上引入功能基团，可以大大增加分子链内或链间作用力，从而导致了聚合物的玻璃化转变温度的升高，粘度的反常增大以及紫外吸收峰的加宽。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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