用工业原料合成Al-MCM-41中孔分子筛

在碱性条件下，用工业原料和水热法合成了不同硅铝比的Al—MCM—41中孔分子筛，用X射线衍射分析研究了合成时间，晶化温度，n(Si)／n(Al)对MCM-41结构的影响，结果表明，T=120℃，t=24h可以合成晶形较好的Al—MCM—41，通过IR，吡啶-TPD和Al含量分析等手段说明了Al进入分子筛骨架。     

T型分子筛膜的合成与应用研究进展

膜分离作为一种新型分离技术,有环保、节能和高效等特点,膜分离技术的核心研究内容是制备具有高分离性能的膜材料.T型分子筛膜是目前被研究较多的典型分子筛膜材料之一,由于其骨架中的硅铝摩尔比为3～4,且具有合适的孔道尺寸(0.36 nm×0.51 nm),被广泛应用于有机溶剂脱水和天然气脱二氧化碳的研究中.该文阐述了T型分子筛膜的研究现状,并对T型分子筛膜的工业应用前景进行展望.     

XPS和29Si MAS NMR在不同分子筛的化学组成及电子结构中的研究

采用光电子能谱和Si核磁共振及化学分析方法研究了五种不同分子筛钠型和钾型的化学组成.结果发现,分子筛的表面Al/(Si Al)比和骨架Al/(Si Al)比与其体相Al/(Si Al)比具有一致性,其电子结构与其组成及阳离子有关.分子筛表面晶格氧碱强度与其铝含量成正比,与阳离子的电负性成反比.     

Cu-ZSM-5分子筛吸附NOx的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对Cu+在ZSM—5分子筛孔道内的位置进行了系统地研究,并在此基础上对NOx(NO,N2O,NO2)分子在Cu—ZSM—5不同孔道内的吸附进行了考察。采用包含完整直孔道、正弦孔道以及两孔道交叉处的22T模型,确定了Cu+在ZSM—5分子筛内的三种可能位置:直孔道内、孔道交叉处和正弦孔道内。研究结果表明,Cu+与2—3个骨架氧原子形成配位键负载于ZSM—5分子筛内;三种结构模型中,Cu+在孔道交叉处的构型最稳定。对Cu—ZSM—5吸附NOx的研究表明,NOx与分子筛均可通过形成Cu—N键而发生较强的相互作用,从而不同程度地削弱了NOx分子中的N—O键,使N—O键长增长。在Cu—ZSM—5的三种结构模型上,NO,N2O,NO2分子的吸附情况有所不同,其中NO,NO2在Cu+位于直孔道的模型上的吸附均引起铜向孔道交叉处迁移,形成的吸附复合物与Cu+位于孔道交叉处的吸附复合物几乎收敛于同一构型。表明由于孔道交叉处空间较大,使NO,NO2更容易达到稳定的平衡状态。吸附复合物总能量数据表明进一步的反应很有可能发生在Cu—ZSM—5分子筛的孔道交叉处。     

Cu+交换ZSM-5分子筛吸附NOx的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对Cu+在ZSM-5分子筛孔道内的位置进行了系统地研究,并在此基础上对NOx（NO, N2O, NO2）分子在Cu-ZSM-5不同孔道内的吸附进行了考察。采用包含完整直孔道、正弦孔道以及两孔道交叉处的22T模型,确定了Cu+在ZSM-5分子筛内的三种可能位置：直孔道内、孔道交叉处和正弦孔道内。研究结果表明,Cu+与2-3个骨架氧原子形成配位键负载于ZSM-5分子筛内;三种结构模型中,Cu+在孔道交叉处的构型最稳定。对Cu-ZSM-5吸附NOx的研究表明,NOx与分子筛均可通过形成Cu-N键而发生较强的相互作用,从而不同程度地削弱了NOx分子中的N-O键,使N-O键长增长。在Cu-ZSM-5的三种结构模型上,NO, N2O, NO2分子的吸附情况有所不同。其中NO,NO2在Cu+位于直孔道的模型上的吸附均引起铜向孔道交叉处迁移,形成的吸附复合物与Cu+位于孔道交叉处的吸附复合物几乎收敛于同一构型。表明由于孔道交叉处空间较大,使NO,NO2更容易达到稳定的平衡状态。吸附复合物总能量数据表明进一步的反应很有可能发生在Cu-ZSM-5分子筛的孔道交叉处。     

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ZEOLITES STUDIED BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND 29Si MAS NMR

采用光电子能谱和Si核磁共振及化学分析方法研究了五种不同分子筛钠型和钾型的化学组成.结果发现,分子筛的表面Al/(Si+Al)比和骨架Al/(Si+Al)比与其体相Al/(Si+Al)比具有一致性,其电子结构与其组成及阳离子有关.分子筛表面晶格氧碱强度与其铝含量成正比,与阳离子的电负性成反比.     

含硅和钴中孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成及其波谱学性质

通过表面活性剂的模板作用合成出含钴和硅的中孔磷铝分子筛,27Al和31P MAS NMR谱的结果表明,Si和Co分别进入分子筛骨架,UV－DRS谱的结果 分子筛骨架上Co(II)以国面体配位形式存在,少量Si的加入有利于CO进入骨架位。     

Y型分子筛的铝原子分布及其对分子筛酸强度的影响

应用量子化学密度泛函理论,Y型分子筛上对Al原子的分布及其对分子筛酸强度的影响进行了研究。计算采用GGA-BLYP的泛函对30T簇模型进行了研究。计算结果表明,随着Si/Al的增加,Al原子多数分布在六元环的对称位置,且根据去质子能的大小,可以看出Al原子含量与酸强度有关,酸强度随Al原子含量增加而有所降低。     

锌改性的分子筛催化剂上丙烷芳构化的研究

在固定床微型反应器上考察了不同分子筛锌改性后催化丙烷芳构化的反应性能。结果表明：具有8元环孔道结构的4A分子筛没有催化活性,几乎无积碳生成,具有10元环孔道结构的ZSM-5分子筛以及具有10元环和12元环的MCM-22分子筛具有较好的催化性能,积碳生成量MCM-22>ZSM-5,具有12元环孔道结构的β分子筛虽然也具有一定的催化性能,但是活性较低,且积碳的生成最多。表明分子筛催化剂的芳构化活性与其孔道结构有密切的关系。针对同一种ZSM-5分子筛改变硅铝摩尔比的研究结果表明n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)＝38的Zn/HZSM-5分子筛具有较好的芳烃选择性。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛的修饰与表征

分别以γ—氨基丙基三乙氧基奎烷（γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane,NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3,APTES和γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane,CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3,GPTES）为偶联剂，成功地将氨基和醚基官能团搂枝于MCM-41介孔分子筛孔道中，制备了无机-有机复合介孔材料NH2（CH2）3-MCM-41和CH2OCHCH2O（CH2）3-MCM-41。用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、元素分析和FT-IR对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，氨基和醚基有机基团不仅进入了MCM-41孔道，修饰了孔壁，而且使MCM-41保持了有序的孔道结构。     

A large-cavity zeolite with wide pore windows and potential as an oil refining catalyst

Crude oil is an important feedstock for the petrochemical industry and the dominant energy source driving the world economy, but known oil reserves will cover demand for no more than 50 years at the current rate of consumption. This situation calls for more efficient strategies for converting crude oil into fuel and petrochemical products. At present, more than 40% of oil conversion is achieved using catalysts based on faujasite; this zeolite requires extensive post-synthesis treatment to produce an ultrastable form, and has a large cavity accessible through four 0.74-nm-wide windows and thus limits the access of oil molecules to the catalytically active sites. The use of zeolites with better accessibility to their active sites should result in improved catalyst efficiency. To date, two zeolites with effective pore diameters exceeding that of faujasite have been reported, but their one-dimensional pore topology excludes use in oil refining. Similarly, zeolites with large pores and a three-dimensional pore topology have been reported, but in all these materials the pore openings are smaller than in faujasite. Here we report the synthesis of ITQ-21, a zeolite with a three-dimensional pore network containing 1.18-nm-wide cavities, each of which is accessible through six circular and 0.74-nm-wide windows. As expected for a zeolite with this structure, ITQ-21 exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity for valuable products in preliminary oil refining tests.     

Adsorption of Xe in zeolite MCM-22

Adsorption of xenon in zeolite MCM-22, a zeolite containing two separate pore systems，has been investigated in detail by variable temperature (VT) ¹²⁹Xe NMR spectroscopy. NMR results suggest that Xe atoms are preferentially adsorbed in the supercages of the zeolite at low Xe pressure (less than a few atmosphere), while Xe atoms can penetrate into the two-dimensional sinusoidal channels at high Xe pressure. Exchange of xenon at the different adsorption sites in the same supercage, i.e. xenon atoms in the two pockets and those in the central part of the supercage, was confirmed at 145 K by two-dimensional (2D) ¹²⁹Xe NMR exchange spectroscopy. The time scale for the exchange is about several milliseconds.     

Complex zeolite structure solved by combining powder diffraction and electron microscopy

Many industrially important materials, ranging from ceramics to catalysts to pharmaceuticals, are polycrystalline and cannot be grown as single crystals. This means that non-conventional methods of structure analysis must be applied to obtain the structural information that is fundamental to the understanding of the properties of these materials. Electron microscopy might appear to be a natural approach, but only relatively simple structures have been solved by this route. Powder diffraction is another obvious option, but the overlap of reflections with similar diffraction angles causes an ambiguity in the relative intensities of those reflections. Various ways of overcoming or circumventing this problem have been developed, and several of these involve incorporating chemical information into the structure determination process. For complex zeolite structures, the FOCUS algorithm has proved to be effective. Because it operates in both real and reciprocal space, phase information obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images can be incorporated directly into this algorithm in a simple way. Here we show that by doing so, the complexity limit can be extended much further. The power of this approach has been demonstrated with the solution of the structure of the zeolite TNU-9 (|H9.3|[Al9.3Si182.7O384]; ref. 10) with 24 topologically distinct (Si,Al) atoms and 52 such O atoms. For comparison, ITQ-22 (ref. 11), the most complex zeolite known to date, has 16 topologically distinct (Si,Ge) atoms.     

强酸性和水热稳定的MCM-41分子筛的合成

以ZSM 5沸石分子筛为原始硅铝源,在碱性条件下,通过水热法合成出了孔壁含有ZSM 5预结构单元的MCM 41介孔分子筛。采用XRD、N2 吸附脱附、FT IR和NH3 TPD等表征手段对样品进行分析,结果表明该分子筛是含有ZSM 5 沸石预结构单元的六方晶相结构,该介孔分子筛的孔壁明显厚于常规方法合成的MCM 41,具有较高的水热稳定性和较强的酸性。     

Synthesis, growing processes and physical properties of CdS nanoclusters in Y-zeolite studied by positron annihilation

Direct synthesis of CdS nanoclusters within the pore structure of Y zeolite was made. The location of CdS nanoclusters inside Y zeolite hosts was confirmed by the blue-shifted reflection absorption spectra with respected to that of bulk CdS materials. In this paper, we conducted Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectrum (PALS) measurements on a series of CdS/Y zeolite samples and concluded that CdS clusters were not located in supercages but in smaller sodalite cages; as the CdS loading concentration increases to 5 wt%, the discrete CdS cubes begin to form bigger superclusters through interaction. The stability of CdS clusters inside the sodalite units is due to the coordination of Cd atoms with the framework oxygen atoms of the double six-ring windows. Moreover, PALS reveals some important information of surface states existing on the interfacial layers between CdS clusters and Y zeolite. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19871074) Biography: Peng Hao (1978-), male, Ph. D candidate, research interest: semiconductor nanoclusters.     

不同分子筛上正辛烷反应性能的研究

以正辛烷为模型化合物,在连续微型反应器装置一上考察了负载金属Ni的HzsM-5、HFER、SAPO-11、Hp和HY一系列分子筛催化剂的异构化和芳构化性能。试验到果表明,S议Al比不同而孔结构相同的N训HZSM-5具有相近的反应产物分布,液收和lI$氢异构化选择性随着S“Al比的增大而增加;孔径越大,分子筛的异构化和芳构化选择性越高,N订HY催化剂的异构化和芳构化选择性分别为41.83%和3.4%。高S订Al比的N议HzSM-5催化剂具有较高的反应活性和抗结焦能力,同时具有相时较好的异构化和芳构化性能。     

水泥基复合材料氯离子扩散系数与孔隙率之间的关系

为了研究水泥基复合材料中孔隙率对氯离子扩散系数的影响,成型了不同水灰比,含骨料体积分数、粒径与级配不同的砂浆试样;采用稳态电加速法测试氯离子扩散系数、压汞技术测试孔结构参数、微焦点计算机断层扫描技术(X-CT)可视化孔结构分布,系统地研究了水泥基复合材料氯离子扩散系数与其骨料体积分数、总孔隙率、毛细孔隙率、连通孔径之间的关系。结果表明：骨料与基体之间的界面过渡区(界面区)显著地改变了水泥石中孔结构分布,水灰比越小,多孔的界面区对材料孔隙率的影响越显著;水泥基复合材料的氯离子扩散系数与其总孔隙、毛细孔隙率之间有很好的相关性,与其连通孔径几乎成线性关系,连通孔径越大,氯离子的扩散系数越大。     

Colossal cages in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as selective carbon dioxide reservoirs

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are porous crystalline materials with tetrahedral networks that resemble those of zeolites: transition metals (Zn, Co) replace tetrahedrally coordinated atoms (for example, Si), and imidazolate links replace oxygen bridges. A striking feature of these materials is that the structure adopted by a given ZIF is determined by link-link interactions, rather than by the structure directing agents used in zeolite synthesis. As a result, systematic variations of linker substituents have yielded many different ZIFs that exhibit known or predicted zeolite topologies. The materials are chemically and thermally stable, yet have the long-sought-after design flexibility offered by functionalized organic links and a high density of transition metal ions. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of two porous ZIFs-ZIF-95 and ZIF-100-with structures of a scale and complexity previously unknown in zeolites. The materials have complex cages that contain up to 264 vertices, and are constructed from as many as 7,524 atoms. As expected from the adsorption selectivity recently documented for other members of this materials family, both ZIFs selectively capture carbon dioxide from several different gas mixtures at room temperature, with ZIF-100 capable of storing 28 litres per litre of material at standard temperature and pressure. These characteristics, combined with their high thermal and chemical stability and ease of fabrication, make ZIFs promising candidate materials for strategies aimed at ameliorating increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.     

High-throughput synthesis and catalytic properties of a molecular sieve with 18- and 10-member rings

Crystalline molecular sieves with large pores and high adsorption capacities have many potential applications. Of these materials, zeolites are of particular interest owing to their stability in a wide range of experimental conditions. An aluminophosphate with very large circular channels(5) containing 18 oxygen atoms (18-ring channels) has been synthesized, but in the search for large-pore zeolites, most of the materials which have been synthesized up to now contain only 14-ring channels; the synthesis of zeolites with larger ring structures has been believed to be hindered by the low Si-O-Si bond angles available. A silicogaloaluminate (ECR-34) with unidirectional 18-ring channels was recently reported, but exhibited low micropore volume, thus rendering the material less attractive for catalytic applications. Here we report the structure and catalytic activity of the silicogermanate zeolite ITQ-33; this material exhibits straight large pore channels with circular openings of 18-rings along the c axis interconnected by a bidirectional system of 10-ring channels, yielding a structure with very large micropore volume. The conditions for synthesis are easily accessible, but are not typical, and were identified using high-throughput techniques.     

用ZSM-5降解液进行SBA-15分子筛合成的研究

以商用ZSM-5沸石为原料,采用降解法合成了孔壁含有沸石结构单元的Z-SBA-15介孔分子筛。利用XRD、TEM技术,考察了温度、时间、ZSM-5的硅铝比、降解液用量和初始凝胶pH值对合成产物的影响。结果表明:在晶化温度100～110℃,晶化时间36～48h,硅铝比为25～36,ZSM-5沸石降解液量15～30mL,初始凝胶pH值0.5～1.0时为合成适宜条件。此外,经Z-SBA-15样品结构分析,Z-SBA-15为具有Al—Si—O单元结构成分的SBA-15介孔材料。