全息照相实验

从全息照相的曝光时间、显影时间、光程差以及参考光速与物光束的夹角四个方面对全息照相实验条件进行了研究.获得理想的全息照片的条件:光程差较小,参考光束与物光束的夹角20°～30°,曝光时间与显影时间分别取3～6 s和30～40 s.     

全息照相实验条件之探讨

对全息照相实验中参考光和物光的夹角、光强比及光程差,曝光时间及显影时间的取值范围进行探讨.对不同条件下所得全息图再显效果进行观察,实验表明,拍摄时光程差应较小,参考光与物光的夹角在15°～120°,光强比41～801,曝光时间及显影时间的取值应根据光强比等参数而定.     

振动及曝光时间对全息照相实验的影响

激光全息照相实验对实验环境和实验条件要求很高,要成功完成全息照相实验并不容易。影响全息照相实验的因素很多,在确定了参考光与物光的光强比、光程差和夹角后,影响全息照相像品质的重要因素主要是曝光时间和振动。其中,振动又分为激光器固定物体振动和物体固定激光器振动两种情况。实验和分析表明,选择合适的曝光时间,且将被摄物体与载物平台固定在一起,能得到真正高质量的全息图。     

全息照片不成二级以上的像

现在大学的光学课程里几乎都有全息照相这一现代技术的内容。全息照相是一种两步成像法：第一步是先将感光胶板置于物光和参考光的干涉区内曝光,将曝光后的干板冲洗显影得到所谓的全息照片（也称全息图）,这一步称为记录;第二步叫做波前再现,即将以干涉条纹形式记录在...     

偏振高斯光束并合的传输变换特性

利用光束相干偏振（BCP）矩阵来描述光束的偏振特性，采用高斯型线偏振光按一维排布的并合模型，对并合光束的偏振度进行了深入研究，结果表明并合光束的偏振度在横截面上是不均匀的，且随传输距离变化，还与子光束间距及子光束偏振方向夹角等参数有关，非相干并合光束的光强与子光束的偏振特性无关，而相干并合光束的光强与子光束的偏振特性有关，两种并合方式所得的并合光束光强均与子光束数目，间距等参数有关。     

基于DDPM模型的高压管汇冲蚀磨损数值模拟

为探究考虑颗粒间相互作用的高压管汇冲蚀磨损机理,通过计算流体力学方法研究了高压管汇固液两相流的速度、压力、湍动能和湍流耗散率,通过正交试验设计25组仿真,对比分析DDPM模型和DPM模型的数值模拟结果,得到工况参数、空间夹角、颗粒特性对高压管汇冲蚀速率的影响规律。结果表明：在用CFD方法对高压管汇进行冲蚀磨损数值模拟时,DDPM模型对高压管汇岐型三通冲蚀磨损的预测精度好于DPM模型;空间夹角在60°～90°时,最大冲蚀集中在三通相贯线和相贯线两侧面;空间夹角在30°～45°时,最大冲蚀集中在三通相贯线处;随着颗粒形状系数减小,流速4 m/s到12 m/s,冲蚀速率逐渐增大,最大冲蚀速率变大1.4倍,并在流速最大时达到峰值;结论可为高压管汇结构优化和剩余服役寿命预测提供理论支撑。     

蹲踞式起跑技术的研究

通过对蹲踞式起跑技术的研究发现 ,起跑器的后抵足板与地面应成 70～ 75°角 ,起跑器的前抵足板与地面应成 4 5～ 4 8°角 ;“各就位”姿势时 ,其重心位置的投影点应与“预备”姿势重心位置的投影点一致 ;“预备”姿势时 ,后脚小腿与水平线的夹角成 15～ 2 0°角 ,前脚小腿与水平线的夹角成 4 2～ 4 5°角 ,两腿膝关节角度的大小是由蹬伸时间和蹬伸力量决定的 .     

SSRF XAFS光束线初步设计

对上海同步辐射装置（SSRF）的一条用于XAFS研究的光束线的初步设计进行了介绍.该设计以弯铁辐射作为光源,光束线光学系统采用聚焦和不聚焦两种光学模式.用追迹程序Shadow对光束线性能进行模拟计算,聚焦模式在5～25keV的能量范围内样品位置的光斑尺寸为0.5×0.5mm2,光强高于1011photons/s,高次谐波成分小于10-4,适合于用荧光XAFS方法研究低浓度及表面样品体系;不聚焦模式可用的能量范围较宽(4～40keV),样品位置的光斑尺寸小于50×2mm2,光强高于109photons/s,高次谐波成分小于10-2,适用于常规XAFS方法的研究.     

不同速度等速运动对人体尿液成分和血液成分的影响

为研究不同速度的等速运动对人体的影响,在体育专业学生中选取男生16名,分层随机分成两组,分别进行30°/s和360°/s等速运动,运动前后取尿液和指尖末梢血检测。结果显示:30°/s运动后出现尿蛋白人数明显增多,HB、MGH明显降低;360°/s运动后尿蛋白、HB、MGH无明显变化,尿液中的PH值明显下降。表明30°/s与360°/s等速运动对人体体液成分的影响具有特异性。     

星载超广角改形Sagnac干涉仪的自推扫探测大气风场

用卫星运动的自推扫方式即入射角的变化探测上层大气风场，探测全视场达4.5°.利用自行设计的超广角改形Sagnac干涉仪光程差公式和Doppler频移导出“四强度法”探测风场的模式，通过卫星自推扫所致入射角的4个步进值，变换成卫星的4次飞行时刻步进实现“四强度法”的风场探测.设计出超广角改形Sagnac干涉仪的结构尺寸后，通过实例论证了利用超广角改形Sagnac干涉仪，对OH（或O₂）732.0nm极光，只要CCD照相机在9s曝光时间内，通过卫星的4个飞行时刻3.4938，5.5848，7.3130和8.4724s所探测的4个极光强度值，就能获得高度为600km距卫星1500km处的大气风场.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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