酞菁铁—表面活性剂薄膜修饰电极及其催化性能

将酞菁铁（ＦｅＰｃ）掺入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵（ＤＤＡＢ）的氧仿溶液，并涂布于热解石墨电极表面，待氯仿挥发后即制得ＦｅＰｃ－ＤＤＡＢ薄膜电极，循环伏安实验表明，在ＫＢｒ溶液中该薄膜电极有２对还原氧化峰，第１对峰的Ｅｐｃｌ＝－０．６４Ｖ，Ｅｐａｌ＝－０．２９Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）第２对峰的Ｅｐｃ２＝－１．０４Ｖ，Ｅｐａ２＝－０．９４Ｖ着重探讨了第２对峰的电化学行为，估计了该体系的电化学参     

电解液添加剂对镜电极性能的影响

通过循环伏安法和Zn-Ni实验电池的实效放电，研究了有机物质DE作为电解液添加剂对锌电极充放电性能的影响。实验表明，DE通过在电极上的吸附，可减少锌电极的变形，提高锌电极的循环寿命。在Zn-Ni电池中可减少对Ni电极的毒化。     

一种制备MPc/金属氧化物纳米复合材料的新方法

以超临界流体干燥(SCFD)制备的氧化铁气凝胶纳米粒子的表面活性Fe离子为模板,邻苯二腈为酞菁起始物,在氧化铁纳米颗粒表面原位组装生成酞菁/氧化铁纳米复合材料.研究表明,与普通浸渍法相比,该方法制得的酞菁铁与氧化铁颗粒之间存在化学键合作用.     

用于氧还原的固体催化电极材料活性的研究

利用恒电位法,以NaAc为基质对载在碳粉上的酞菁铁(FePc)的催化活性进行研究,考察了不同催化剂制备方法,不同电极材料,溶液pH值、浓度及添加剂对FePc催化活性的影响,得到了以浸渍法制备催化剂,以Ni片为电极材料的较为理想的FePc电极,并对不同条件下得到的电流-电压极化曲线进行了一定程度的分析。     

SOLID-STATE BATTERY WITH POLYACETYLENE ELECTRODE

The Li/LiI/(CHIy)x battery was fabricated by using fast ionic conduclor—LiI as the solid electrolyte has not been reported. The battery exhibited an open circuit voltage of 3.1~v and an initial short circuit of 7ma/cm~2. (CHIy)x can be used in the Li/I_2, battery as the roleof charge transfer complex. Experimental enemy density of 110Wh/kg was obtained based on the weight of (CH)x film (weight of (CH)x electrode: ca. 4mg, doping level:y=0.11).     

一种含铜固体电极在新型无膜生物电化学系统中的应用研究

采用壳聚糖修饰电极吸附溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)制得含铜固体电极,将其用做新型无膜生物电化学系统(MACMCB)阴极。研究固体电极Cu(Ⅱ)质量和外阻对MACMCB电压的影响。结果表明,系统电压与含铜固体电极Cu(Ⅱ)质量及系统外阻正相关,最大输出电压达0.6346 V。该系统Cu(Ⅱ)还原效率高于92.75%,表明Cu(Ⅱ)做电子受体得电子能力强,Cu(Ⅱ)几乎被全部还原。MACMCB与微生物燃料电池(MFC)的效率对比结果表明,在一定时间内,MACMCB在底物降解效率和产能输出方面明显优于MFC,推荐含铜固体电极更换时间为10~30小时。含铜固体电极中Cu(Ⅱ)主要以Cu SO4分子形式存在,放电后Cu(Ⅱ)的主要还原产物为单质Cu,含少量Cu2O,另外掺杂部分Cu元素的磷化物和氯化物沉淀。     

Facile hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis of novel Sn-Co/C composite as superior anodes for Li-ion batteries

As an anode material in lithium ion battery, the Sn-Co/C composite electrode materials have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and solgel methods, respectively. The resultant composites were mainly composed of Snbased oxides, nanometer Sn-Co alloy and carbon. Carbon and Co, acting as buffer materials, can accommodate to the large volume change of active Sn during the discharge-charge process, thus improving the cycling stability. Although charge/discharge curves revealed the excellent cycle performance for samples synthesized by both methods, composites obtained by the sol-gel showed a better dispersion effect of nanoparticles on the carbon matrix and possessed much more improved stable capacity with 624.9 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles and that by hydrothermal method only exhibited ～299.3 mAh g-1. Therefore, the Sn-Co/C composites obtained by solgel synthesis method could be a perfect candidate for anode material of Liion storage battery.     

磷酸铁锂动力电池阻抗谱参数分析

以电动汽车用动力锂离子电池为测试对象,通过等效电路拟合实际测量的电化学阻抗曲线来分析电池电极系统的动力学过程,并选取等效电路模型在不同荷电状态下的参数分析不同交流阻抗组份及阻抗特性对电池充放电特性的影响。 结果表明:基于阻抗谱测试得到的等效电路模型参数有利于得出更高精度的电池电荷转移阻抗以及扩散阻抗,并且较好地区分电化学极化和浓差极化,可以用于分析不同温度和不同荷电状态的电池充放电性能。      

一种用于NS-3仿真的电池模型及其数值解法

为了解决网络模拟器NS-3不能对无线传感器网络节点的电池信息做出准确仿真的问题,吸收LiIon电池模型和KiBaM电池模型各自的优点,采用LiIon电池模型的方法计算KiBaM电池模型中有效电荷井的输出电压,得到能够体现电池的速率容量效应和自恢复效应、能够反映输出电压随剩余电量降低而降低的KiBaM-LiIon电池模型,并对模型中无法获得解析解的微分方程组求解,基于隐式Runge-Kutta方法,提出了易于编程实现的数值解法。仿真和实验的结果表明,模型及其数值解法能够在NS-3中对电池使用过程中任何时刻的电压、剩余电量等作出准确预测,且具备计算复杂度低的优点。所提出的电池模型及其数值解法不仅适用于NS-3,同样也适用于其他网络模拟器,可为无线传感器网络和移动Ad-hoc网络的研发提供参考。     

单一压力容器镍氢电池热分析的建模与仿真

根据对单一压力容器镍氢电池充放电过程的分析,建立其传热数学物理模型.采用计算流体动力学的方法对整个电池温度场进行求解,对比模拟结果与实验结果,两者能够很好地吻合,说明该传热模型可以真实有效地反映实际传热过程.根据计算结果分析整体电池的温度场分布规律,找出电池充放电过程中温差最大的位置作为监控点,其结果可以为电池热控制优化提供理论依据.     

导电高分子聚苯胺碳化材料的电化学性能

采用具有一维线状结构的导电高分子聚苯胺为原料进行高温处理，制备成导电碳材料，并将其做为二次锂电池的工作电极，组装成电池，进行电化学测试，结果表明：此方法制备的硕材料具有较高的充放电容量和较好的以放电可逆性。     

Research on catalysis of sodium-metallochlorophylls in Ni/MH battery

The effects of sodium-metallochlorophylls including sodium-iron chlorophyllin, sodium-copper chlorophyllin and sodium-magnesium chlorophyllin on performance of Ni/MH battery were investigated. The results show that sodium-iron chlorophyllin can effectively activate the gases produced during charge in Ni/MH battery, therefore reducing the reduction potential of oxygen and the oxidation potential of hydrogen, and the increased speed of inner pressure of battery is decreased significantly. With the aid of DMol3 software, the activation process of oxygen and hydrogen by sodiummetallochlorophylls was simulated and analyzed. It was found that the catalysis behavior is in agreement with the experimental results, and the activation process also gets a reasonable explanation from the calculated results.     

石墨烯-钴-聚吡咯复合电极改善藻菌微生物燃料电池性能的研究

通过恒电位法一步将氧化石墨烯、过渡金属Co和聚吡咯（PPy）三者共固定于碳毡电极表面,制备了复合膜电极,采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗对复合电极进行了电化学测试,并将其用作微生物燃料电池（MFC）的阳极和阴极,考察了其对MFC产电性能的改善作用. 结果表明:碳毡电极表面经修饰后,在三者协同作用下碳毡电极的电容显著增大. 这种修饰有效增加了电极比表面积和导电性能,减小了电荷传递阻抗,提高了电极的电子传递效率. 同时,该电极具有良好的生物相容性及稳定性,使藻菌MFC产电功率增大了3.1倍,且内阻减小了76%.     

Experimental study on thermal characteristics of LiFePO4 power Batteries

<正> As an important high-energy chemical power source,lithium-ion power batteries come up to applicationproblems of thermal performance,such as extended temperature range and high power charge discharge.LiFePO_4 battery is applied and developed well recently,its charge and discharge experiment atdifferent temperatures and hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test are analyzed,and the optimaltemperature range of LiFePO_4 battery is put forward.In order to provide experimental suggestion of powerbattery application and its thermal management,internal resistance,influencing factor of electromotiveforce and entropy change state of charge (SOC),battery thermal characteristic of different charge dischargerates are summarized.     

等效滞回模型在锂离子电池SOC估计中的应用

锂离子电池荷电状态的快速准确估计是电池管理系统的关键技术之一.针对锂离子电池这一动态非线性系统,通过测试分析锂离子电池的滞回特性,建立了锂离子电池的二阶RC滞回模型,并利用容积卡尔曼滤波算法对电池荷电状态进行估算.实验结果表明,该模型能较好地体现电池的动态滞回特性,而且容积卡尔曼滤波算法在估算过程中能保持较高的精度.     

全钒氧化还原流体电池的电化学行为

本文介绍了全钒氧化还原流体电池及其结构和充放电机理。该电池是一种新型储能材料。它用ＶＯＳＯ４溶液作电极活性材料。一系列充放电试验结果表明,该电池具有良好的电化学性能。     

SnO$_{\boldsymbol{x}}$S$_{\boldsymbol{y}}$@PANI@rGO 复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

利用水热法合成二硫化锡六方晶片, 通过氧化聚合包裹聚苯胺, 水热还原制备锡氧硫化合物@聚苯胺@还原氧化石墨烯(SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$@PANI@rGO)复合材料. 分别利用 X 射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared, FT-IR)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)对材料进行形貌和物相分析, 结果表明: 制备的六方形 SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$被 PANI 和 rGO 双层包覆. 将复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极进行电化学性能研究, 结果显示: 由于多元复合材料中的聚苯胺和还原石墨烯增加了其导电性, 缓冲了 SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$ 在充放电过程的体积膨胀, 保持了结构稳定性, 展现了优越的电性能.     

Effect of strain on space charge layer in GaN nanowires investigated by in-situ off-axis electron holography

Effect of strain on space charge (SC) layer in nanowires (NWs) has been examined by in situ off-axis electron holography, where GaN NWs attach to an Au electrode inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on the phase image reconstructed from the complex hologram, the width of SC layer in a strained GaN NW is significantly reduced to about 60 nm, comparing to the 85 nm of the unstrained NW. About 29% reduction of the SC layer in the strained GaN NW resulted from significant decrease of electrons flowed from the GaN into Au. First principle calculations show that the strain reduced bandgap of GaN, narrowing the difference between GaN NW and Au electrode in Fermi level.     

Advanced materials for aqueous supercapacitors in the asymmetric design

Supercapacitors have been recognized as one of the promising energy storage devices in the future energy technology. In this perspective, rapid progress is made in the development of fundamental and applied aspects of supercapacitors. Various techniques have been developed specifically to estimate the specific capacitance. Numerous efforts have been made in the literature to increase the specific capacitance of electrode materials. Recently, researchers pay more attention on designing supercapacitors of asymmetric type with extending cell voltage and dissimilar materials with complementary working potentials. Researchers try to increase the specific energy of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Conversely, it is still a challenge to find a suitable operation conditions for ASCs in various designs, especially for the one with battery type electrode. In this review, we describe our recent research works and other reports on the preparation of various nanostructured electrode materials and the performances of both symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors. Finally, we demonstrate effects of charge balance on the capacitive performances of ASCs which consist of one electrode material of the battery type and one capacitive material. We also demonstrate how to evaluate the charge capacities of both positive and negative electrode materials for this ASC application.     

Influence of Cr3+ concentration on the electrochemical behavior of the anolyte for vanadium redox flow batteries

The composition of electrolyte affects to a great extent the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRB).The effects of Cr3+ concentration in the anolyte on the electrode process of V(V)/V(IV) couple have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).It was found that Cr3+ causes no side reactions,but affects the electrochemical performance of V(V)/V(IV) redox reaction,including the reaction activity,the reversibility of electrode reaction,the diffusivity of vanadium ions,the interface film impedance,and the electrode reaction impedance.The experimental results show that Cr3+ within a certain concentration range can improve the reversibility of electrode reaction and the diffusion of vanadium ions.With the Cr3+ concentration increasing from 0 to 0.30 g L-1,the reversibility of V(V)/V(IV) reaction increases,while the diffusion resistance decreases.Correspondingly,the diffusion coefficient of vanadium ions increases from(5.48-6.77) × 10-7 to(6.82-8.44) × 10-7 cm2 s-1,an increase of ～24%.However,the diffusion resistance increases and the diffusion coefficient decreases when Cr3+ concentration is over 0.30 g L-1,while the impedances of the interface,the film as well as the charge transfer increase continuously.As a result,Cr3+ with a certain concentration improves the diffusion and mass transfer process,but the resistances of the film,the interface,and the charge transfer rise.Furthermore,Cr3+ concentration of no more than 0.10 g L-1 has few effect on the electrode reaction process,and that of no more than 0.30 g L-1 is favorable to the diffusion of vanadium ions.