2010-2011年冬季La Ni(n)a事件对北半球极涡的影响分析

为了探讨强极涡与La Ni(n)a事件之间的关系,利用NCEP/NCAR(日平均、月平均位势高度及温度场)再分析资料对2010-2011年冬季进行个例研究.与气候态相比,2010-2011年冬季北半球平流层极涡偏强,同时,显著的强海温负异常(La Ni(n)a事件)也持续整个冬季.结果表明,受La Ni(n)a事件影响,对流层环流场和温度场得到较大的调整,出现PNA (Pacific North American)型异常环流形势和相对应的温度异常分布.2010年12月,阿留申地区出现负值的热量经向输送,使得该地区从对流层上升至平流层的行星波动与气候态相比明显减弱,从而导致平流层极涡较气候平均态偏强.这一La Ni(n)a事件对平流层极涡影响的动力过程也从1948-2010年期间选出的13个冬季强La Ni(n)a事件的合成分析结果中得到证实.     

Connection between interannual variability of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans in the 1997 - 1998 El Nino event

In this paper, the sea surface height and the heat content of the upper ocean are analyzed to retrieve the relationship of interannual variabilities between the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans during the 1997 - 1998 El Nino event. In the prophase of this El Nino, the negative sea level anomalies (SLA) occurred in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) firstly, and then appeared in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (TEI). The negative heat content anomalies (HCA) emerged in the TWP before this El Nino burst while the SLA signals developed over there. During the mature stage of this El Nino, two kinds of signals in the TWP and TEI turned to be the maximum negative sequently. Due to the connected interannual adjustment between the TEI and TWP, we adopted a method to estimate the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport by calculating the HCA budget in the TEI. The indirect estimation of the ITF was comparable to the observation values. Therefore, the anomalies in the TEI had been proved as adv     

Premonitory phenomenon of El Ni(n)o event reflected in the observations of LOD and sea level

Data sets of the changes of the length of day, the sea surface temperature in the eastern Pacific and of the sea level in Hong Long from tide gauge observations are used to analyze and reveal the reflections in the observations of the length of day and the sea level changes concerned with the premonitory phenomenon of next El Ni(n)o event. The results from this study indicate that a new El Ni(n)o event has been brewing with the ending of the strong La Nina event that started in early summer of 1998. The estimated formation period of the new El Ni(n)o event will begin before the end of 2000, and the peak period may be reached at around the end of 2001.     

Co助剂对Ni-B非晶态催化剂微观结构和加氢性能的影响

通过化学还原法制备了一系列Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂,研究了n(KBH4)/n(Ni)和Co含量对Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂微观结构及其催化二硝基甲苯(DNT)合成甲苯二胺(TDA)性能的影响。通过XRD和H2-TPD技术对催化剂微观结构表征表明,随着n(KBH4)/n(Ni)的增大,NiB2含量增多,催化剂的加氢性能先增大后减小;当n(KBH4)/n(Ni)=4时,Ni-B非晶态合金的催化加氢性能最优。Co助剂的引入增大了Ni-B非晶态合金的无序程度,降低了Ni活性中心对H2的吸附强度,使得H2物种更容易在催化剂表面流动并参加反应,进一步增大了Ni-B催化DNT加氢合成TDA的活性和选择性。当Co的摩尔分数为6%时,Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化剂的性能最优,DNT转化率为96.8%,TDA的选择性达100%。     

TiO2(110)表面负载Ni及共吸附CO的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法对Ni在TiO2(110)表面的5种可能负载模式及CO的6种吸附模型进行优化,计算了它们的吸附能、振动频率.结果表明,Ni倾向以垂直于O(2f)的形式负载在TiO2(110)表面,CO以C端与2个Ni原子桥连的方式吸附在Ni/TiO2(110)面时有利于C-O键的断裂.通过态密度分析发现,Ni/TiO2(110)体系是由Ni3dyz和3dxz组成的表面态,正是该表面态提高了完整TiO2(110)面对CO催化分解活性.计算结果与实验一致.     

一种图案化镍/硅纳米复合体系的制备

以水热制备的具有规则表面形貌和结构的硅纳米孔柱阵列（Silicon Nanoporous Pillar Array,Si-NPA）为衬底,采用浸渍沉积技术并通过调控溶液中Ni2＋的浓度,制备了表面具有不同图案化结构的镍/硅纳米孔柱阵列复合体系。分析表明,Ni^2＋浓度对Ni/Si-NPA表面形貌和结构有很大的影响：高的Ni^2＋浓度下制备的Ni/Si-NPA能够保持Si-NPA衬底的规则阵列结构特征;而低的Ni^2＋浓度下制备的Ni/Si-NPA其衬底规则的阵列结构几乎完全被破坏。优化了制备具有图案化结构特征的Ni/Si-NPA的实验条件,并对Ni/Si-NPA的形成机理进行了探讨。     

球形Ni(OH)2的微结构和热分解特性与电化学性能的关系

应用统计方法,利用电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、热重/量热分析和恒电流充放电测试手段研究了球形Ni(OH)2的形貌、结构和热分解性与电化学性能的关系.研究结果表明:随着球形Ni(OH)2表面微晶从结晶良好的粗粒片状到结晶不好的细粒状变化,其以放电容量表示的电化学性能总体上降低.样品的放电比容量与(001)面XRD的半高宽及(100)面的半高宽明显负相关,而与(001)面间距d001及(101)面的半高宽的正相关性不强,与其热分解失水量负相关,与其热分解温度正相关;球形Ni(OH)2的放电容量随其结晶性与单晶粒度的增大而提高.     

黄、东海沿岸海表温度变化与厄尔尼诺的关系

利用黄、东海沿岸8个长期水文观测站多年海表温度资料,分析黄、东海沿岸海表温度的季节和年际变化特征,重点分析在1982—1983年和1997—1998年两次厄尔尼诺年期间的异常变化,以及ENSO影响黄、东海沿岸海表温度的可能机制。结果表明,在厄尔尼诺发生年,夏季风较弱,鄂霍次克海高压加强,西太平洋副高位置偏南,强度偏强,江淮流域及长江中下游降水偏多,黄、东海沿岸海表温度偏低。黄、东海沿岸海表温度受到ENSO和PDO(太平洋年代际振荡)的影响和调制,在厄尔尼诺发生的前冬半年及当年,黄、东海沿岸海表温度偏低;在厄尔尼诺发生次年,黄、东海沿岸海表温度偏高。厄尔尼诺对黄、东海沿岸海表温度变化的影响通过海洋和大气2个通道,1982—1983年海表温度异常以负异常为主,1997—1998年海表温度异常以正异常为主;ENSO期间,北赤道流减弱,黑潮流量减少,海表温度降低。海表温度受局地气温影响显著,如果ENSO期间东亚气温升高,则黄、东海沿岸海表温度偏高。     

茶渣对Ni(II)的吸附性能研究

研究了茶渣对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。分别考察了吸附时间、茶渣投加量、Ni(Ⅱ初始浓度、茶渣粒径、温度、pH值等因素对茶渣吸附Ni(Ⅱ)的影响。在吸附时间1 h、茶渣投加量1.2 g、Ni(Ⅱ)初始浓度200 mg/L、茶渣粒径60目、pH值11.2情况下,吸附率可达81%。表明了茶渣对Ni(Ⅱ)有较好的吸附性能。     

Reconstruction and analysis of time series of ENSO for the last 500 years

This paper reports the classification of ENSO into seven categories according to annual (March to February of next year) mean SST of Ni(n)o 3.4 and composite index (ΔI) for the period of 1861～2000. Categories +3, +2, and +1 denote very strong, strong and weak warm episodes (E), -3, -2, and -1 mean very strong, strong and weak cold episodes (A). Absolute SST anomalies are about 1.5 ℃, 1.0 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ respectively for the categories 3, 2, and 1 (or -3, -2, and -1). The normal years are expressed as category 0. Annual categories of ENSO are estimated on the basis of proxy data from AD 1501 to 1860. And a series of ENSO category is established for the period of 1501～2000 in conjunction with the observational data. Comparison of proxy data with observations for 1874～1973 indicates that about 80% of the El Ni(n)o years and La Ni(n)a years can be reconstructed from proxy data, and the reliability of the reconstruction is verified. Analysis of the power spectrum of the reconstructed ENSO series shows significant peaks at QBO, 3～4a (year), 5～6a, and 10a period, the former three are in accordance with the observations for the last 100 years or more. Studies on long term variability of ENSO indicates that ENSO frequency is relatively stationary during the last 500 years, including the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1550～1850) and Modern Warming Period (the 20th century). However, the frequency of E is a little higher in the 20th century and that of A is somewhat higher during the LIA.     

Siliceous microplankton fluxes and seasonal variations in the central South China Sea during 1993-1995:monsoon climate and El Ni(n)o responses

Seasonal variations of radiolarian and diatom fluxes in the central South China Sea during 1993-1995 were overwhelmingly controlled by monsoon climate. Radiolarian and diatom increased obviously during the Northeast (from November to February) and Southwest (from June to September) monsoons and decreased during the periods between the monsoons. The change of circulation driven by the monsoons improved water exchange in the different areas that brought rich nutrient materials for the surface microplankton, thereby enhancing radiolarian and diatom fluxes. Variation of radiolarian flux coincided with organic carbon flux, surface primary and export productivities. High radiolarian flux corresponded to high surface primary productivity. Radiolarian and diatom fluxes raised abnormally during 1994-1995 could be attributed to the El Ni(n)o event during the period.     

Ni(OH)_2/USY分子筛复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

以USY分子筛为模板,用液相共沉淀方法合成出Ni(OH)2/USY复合材料.用XRD、TEM对Ni(OH)2/USY复合材料的微观结构进行表征分析.结果表明,纳米级高分散、疏松填充的Ni(OH)2材料具有良好的电解质OH-离子电化学可及性和快的扩散速率,循环伏安和恒流充放电测试均表明该材料具有良好的超级电容特性,该材料的单电极比电容高达1 670 F/g.     

系列Ni（Ⅱ）配配位超分子的晶体结构及表面光电压光谱分析

采用水热和水浴合成法,以不同的刚性和柔性有机羧酸衍生物为配体,合成了2个Ni（Ⅱ）配合物：[Ni（otpha）（Imh）3（H2O）2].H2O（1）（H2otpha=邻苯二甲酸）,[Ni（mal）（phen）（H2O）2]（2）（mal=丙二酸,phen=1,10-菲啰啉）.采用X-射线单晶衍射确定2个配合物的分子结构.结构分析表明,配合物1和2均属于单斜晶系,空间群分别为P2（1）/n和P2（1）/c,中心金属Ni（Ⅱ）离子均为6配位,并由氢键将其分别连接成具有3D和1D结构的超分子.采用表面光电压光谱（SPS）研究了2个配合物的表面光电性能.结果表明,它们在300-800nm范围内均呈现出正的表面光伏响应,表明它们具有一定的光-电转换能力.对2个配合物的UV-Vis-NIR吸收光谱进行了测定和分析指认,并分别将它们的SPS谱与UV-Vis吸收光谱进行了对比分析,发现SPS谱中响应带的数量和位置与其UV-Vis吸收光谱中的吸收峰呈现出一致性.     

纳米尺寸合金Ti—Ni,Zr—Ni结构与有机多烯分子的等瓣相似

纳米尺寸TiNi,ZrNi合金的理论研究表明,这些合金以Ti-Ni,Zr-Ni金属对为基元堆积而成。（TiNi)n,(ZrNi)n团簇结构与有机多烯分子等瓣相似,无论是链式结构或环式结构,都出现明显的强弱键交替的定域键,与一般合金团簇中离域键占主导作用相差甚远,这可能也是形状记忆功能的原因。     

正丁基苯甲酸选择加氢催化剂的制备及其催化性能

正丁基苯甲酸选择加氢催化剂的制备及其催化性能陈鸿博廖代伟黑美军林贻基洪琦于腊佳蔡启瑞（厦门大学化学系物理化学研究所厦门３６１００５）液晶具有独特的光学、电学、光电和热性质,近几年来被广泛用作液晶显示器,与光发射显示器相比,它具有功耗低,体积小,携带方...     

CH_4／Ni（111）化学吸附解离反应终态的理论研究

采用ＣＮＤＯ和ＡＳＥＤ－ＭＯ方法，选择Ｎｉ＿（１０）原子簇模拟Ｎｉ（１１１）晶面，分别对ＣＨ＿３／Ｎｉ（１１１）和Ｎ／Ｎｉ（１１１）吸附体系进行了研究，所得结论与实验基本一致。     

氰根桥联双金属配位聚合物K2[Ni(en)2][Fe(CN)6]的合成与表征

室温下将Ni(en)_2(NO_2)_2的DMF溶液与K_4[Fe(CN)_6]水溶液反应合成了标题化合物——一种新型氰基桥联配位聚合物K_2[Ni(en)_2][Fe(CN)_6]。对标题化合物进行元素分析、原子吸收光谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱研究,对标题化合物的结构进行了推测,变温磁化率测定表明,在分子内部存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。     

丙烯基硫脲对镍阳极溶出和阴极沉积过程影响

采用循环伏安(CV)和电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)方法研究了硫酸镍溶液中Ni在Pt电极上阳极溶出和阴极沉积过程以及丙烯基硫脲(ATU)对该过程的影响.结果表明,在0.05M的NiSO4溶液中,镍阳极溶出和阴极沉积过程的M/n实验值分别为31.7和38.0 g/mol,都是两电子过程.在含ATU的NiSO4溶液中,镍在铂电极上阳极溶出和阴极沉积过程共出现3个电流峰,其M/n实验值分别为60.4、117.1和60.0 g/mol,表明ATU改变了镍的电极过程,对镍的阳极溶出和阴极沉积有比较复杂的影响;CV结果还证实:ATU促进了镍的阳极溶出和阴极沉积过程.本文还从电极表面质量定量变化的角度提供了Ni阳极溶出和阴极沉积过程的新数据.     

掺杂球形氢氧化镍的循环伏安特性

采用循环伏安法研究了Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２粉末微电极，认为Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２粉末微电极电化学过程是一个准可逆过程且电极反应在Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２／ＮｉＯＨ之间进行；研究了阳极过程中掺杂元素对Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２质子扩散系数的影响，发现掺Ｃｏ后比纯Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２的扩散系数提高近１倍，而掺Ｚｎ后则扩散系数有所降低，掺Ｃｏ和Ｚｎ后Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２电极氧的析出电位均比纯Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２的氧的析出电位有所提高。     

Occurrence of two types of El Nin?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific

The relationships between the evolution of two types of El Ni?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly(SOTA) in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of El Ni?o are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of El Ni?o. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of El Ni?o is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of El Ni?o, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of El Ni?o. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific(EP)-El Ni?o lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific(CP)-El Ni?o is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak.The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of El Ni?o are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific to certain extent.