Oncogene-induced senescence is part of the tumorigenesis barrier imposed by DNA damage checkpoints

Recent studies have indicated the existence of tumorigenesis barriers that slow or inhibit the progression of preneoplastic lesions to neoplasia. One such barrier involves DNA replication stress, which leads to activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and thereby to apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, whereas a second barrier is mediated by oncogene-induced senescence. The relationship between these two barriers, if any, has not been elucidated. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence is associated with signs of DNA replication stress, including prematurely terminated DNA replication forks and DNA double-strand breaks. Inhibiting the DNA double-strand break response kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) suppressed the induction of senescence and in a mouse model led to increased tumour size and invasiveness. Analysis of human precancerous lesions further indicated that DNA damage and senescence markers cosegregate closely. Thus, senescence in human preneoplastic lesions is a manifestation of oncogene-induced DNA replication stress and, together with apoptosis, provides a barrier to malignant progression.     

磁控溅射制备多孔柱状晶ZrO2薄膜

采用反应磁控溅射倾斜沉积(GLAD)的方法制备了多孔柱状晶的ZrO2薄膜,研究了不同沉积角和靶基距对薄膜结构和光学性质的影响.结果表明,倾斜沉积的ZrO2薄膜具有倾斜的柱状结构,柱状晶之间存在空隙(宽度小于100nm),平均晶粒大小约为10nm.沉积角大小的改变在一定程度上可以改变ZrO2薄膜中某些晶粒的取向.增大沉积角和增加靶基距均可使薄膜的折射率减小、孔隙率增大、沉积速率减小,不同的是增大沉积角会增大柱状倾斜角,而增加靶基距会减小柱状倾斜角.沉积角为75°时可制备出折射率为1.56、孔隙率为41.7%的ZrO2薄膜.     

Fabrication of pure copper rods containing continuous columnar crystals by continuous unidirectional solidification technology

Pure copper rods containing continuous columnar crystals were fabricated using the downward CUS (Continuous Unidirectional Solidification) equipment. When the technological parameters were set as the ranges of mould temperature 1100-1300℃,cooling distance (the distance from the exit of the cast mould to the start point of cooling) 10-20 mm, casting speed 0.2-2.5 mm/s,cooling water (20-25℃) volume 1000-1320 L/h, and when these parameters matched reasonably, the CUS process was performed stably, and pure copper rods containing continuous columnar crystals with bright and smooth surface were produced. The dendritic arm spacing of the crystals in copper rods decreased with increasing the casting speed. The results of the texture by X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the rods has strong <100> fiber texture.     

Control of neuronal fate by the Drosophila segmentation gene even-skipped

The central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable diversity of cell types. The molecular basis for generating this neuronal diversity is poorly understood. Much is known, however, about the regulatory genes which control segmentation and segment identity during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Interestingly, most of the segmentation and homoeotic genes in Drosophila, as well as many of their vertebrate homologues, are expressed during the development of the nervous system (for example, ref. 3). Are these genes involved in specifying the identity of individual neurons during neurogenesis, just as they specify the identity of cells during segmentation? We previously described the CNS expression of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) and showed that ftz CNS expression is involved in the determination of an identified neuron. Here we show that another segmentation gene, even-skipped (eve), is expressed in a different but overlapping subset of neurons. Temperature-sensitive inactivation of the eve protein during neurogenesis alters the fate of two of these neurons. Our results indicate that the nuclear protein products of the eve and ftz segmentation genes are components of the mechanism controlling cell fate during neuronal development.     

逆变器驱动异步电动机的稳定性分析

从电动机角度分析了逆变器驱动异步电动机的稳定性，得出电动机在低速、轻负荷状态下不稳定的原因是受定子电阻Ｒ１影响的结论。     

顺序故障诊断策略的测试费用期望值估计

文章研究顺序故障诊断策略,试图最小化测试费用的期望值;阐述了3种经典算法及其思想,对信息熵和贪婪算法进行了深入讨论;基于信息熵的贪婪算法,给出其测试费用期望值的一个上下界;当测试集满足一定特征且测试费用相等时,给出了基于Huffman算法的一个估计。     

舵机的程序控制

本文介绍了航模舵机的操控原理和用微处理器MCU控制舵机的方法。通过说明舵机在机器人制作中所发挥的重要作用，重点阐述了用程序控制舵机的灵活高效、准确可靠性，它不仅实现了原无线操控系统的所有控制功能，而且能同时控制多台舵机的摆动速度及动作顺序；且一个内部定时器的程序设计，即实现了多台控制，又节省了内部资源；是一种值得推广和应用的控制方法。     

格子Boltzmann方法模拟气固两相流

利用格子Boltzmann方法对气固两相流进行数值模拟,其中颗粒的轨迹利用指数拉格朗日方法进行计算,而流场的计算方法则是基于一种修正后的LBGK模型．特点在于成功引入了两相耦合机制来处理模型中输运相和颗粒相之间的交互作用,这种新的模型适用于模拟气固两相流．     

混晶纳米TiO2光催化性能及混晶相间的机理研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备混晶纳米TiO2和珍珠岩负载纳米TiO2混晶催化剂,以XRD、SEM、UV-vis DRS和电化学方法对样品进行表征.结果表明,晶型调节剂的含量对混晶中金红石和锐钛矿相TiO2的比率有较大的影响;对于负载型纳米TiO2催化剂,混晶比影响催化剂的光催化降解效率.并讨论了混晶的光催化机理.     

变频感应电动机测试系统的研究

描述了变频器－电动机测试系统的数学模型,对基于数字滤波的软件同步采样法进行了改进。在微机、高速采样卡、虚拟仪器软件构成的平台上,实现了对变频器供电的电动机的测试,通过修改软件,可满足不同的测试需要。在测量传输功率较大的变频电动机的功率时,采用了损耗总和法进行计算。所研究的测试系统获得了满意的精度要求。     

环酰胺杯芳烃聚硅氧烷固定相分离Grob试剂的研究

将叔丁基和脱叔丁基环酰胺杯[4]芳烃聚硅氧烷制备成2根毛细管柱并用于Grob试剂的探测.结果表明,Grob试剂的各组分在柱子上能得到良好的分离,且峰型尖锐对称,无拖尾现象.在含-NH-的PSO-CYCL-C[4]A上,Grob试剂各组份中醇类在正构烷烃C10、C11 、C12后流出,柱极性较强;上缘含叔丁基的PSO-TBU-CYCL-C[4]A对醇类的保留降低,而对烷烃的保留作用加强;萘最后出峰,这可能与杯芳烃苯环与萘间较强的π-π作用有关.     

固-固反应合成纯相一氧化钛

研究了一氧化钛新材料的合成,分析了合成的许多途径,概述了固-固反应法合成的工艺及结果.研究结果表明在一定工艺条件下,通过固-固反应,可以得到单一相金黄色的一氧化钛;但由于在反应过程中,固-固反应物间接触面积小,致使氧的扩散沿骨架长距离进行,反应速度慢;提高反应温度可以明显提高反应速度,当反应温度从1 673 K提高到1 873 K时,反应完全时间从12 h降至3 h,但过高的反应温度会引起钛在真空中挥发,影响体系钛、氧的量比;添加适量的活性助剂,可使反应活化,促进反应物料结构致密,增加反应区域,加速固相反应的进行,在1 723 K时反应完全时间从10 h缩短至2 h.     

变频器供电下电动机起动特性研究

随着变频技术的应用 ,在变频器供电下异步电动机的起动性能与工频电源供电下的起动性能相比较 ,出现了新特点 ,故在变频技术应用中 ,要充分利用这些特性 ,改善电动机的起动性能 ,拓展变频技术应用领域。本文从理论上和实验上研究了这些特性 ,并与实验结果比较 ,确定了这些特性的正确性。1　变频器直接供电时电动机的起动转矩图 1　基波电压与频率协调关系Ｆｉｇ .1　Ｔｈｅｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｖｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｗａｖｅｖｏｌｔａｇｅａｎｄｆｒｅｎｑｕｅｎｃｙ用变频器驱动电动机时 ,改变频率ｆ1时必须改…     

运动相位对远洋船舶遭遇波浪荷载影响的研究

为考察船舶在波浪中运动相位对其遭遇波浪荷载的影响，根据波浪参数长期分布律推导了以船舶特征尺度与遭遇波浪超越概率为自变量的设计波高计算式；取波长等于船长，分别对于迎小姐和横浪航行状态，应用修正的切片法计算了ＬＲ－Ａ远洋集装箱船的舷侧和船底的水动力压力分布，数值试验结果表明，在确定船舶遭遇波浪荷载时，须特别注重其运动相位的选择以保证计算的可靠性     

模糊神经网络在超声马达位置控制中的应用

提出了利用模糊神经网络控制器 (FNN)实现对超声马达位置进行控制的方法 ,并提出适应法则进行在线训练 ,以减小由于参数的不确定性和外部干扰对超声马达所产生的影响 ,提供了FNN控制器的结构图。仿真与实验研究表明 ,FNN控制器能够实现对超声马达位置的精确控制