EK-PRB对Pb(Ⅱ)污染土壤的修复效果研究

通过一种可变换阵列式电极的电动-可渗透反应墙(EK-PRB)装置,以沸石+粉煤灰组合为PRB材料,研究了电压梯度和土壤含水率在EK-PRB修复Pb(Ⅱ)污染土壤的过程中对于去除效果的影响。试验过程中,修复周期定为5 d,设置了不同的电压梯度(1.5,2.0,2.5 V/cm)和含水率(25%,30%,35%),进行了9组正交试验。结果表明,提高电压梯度、增大含水率对于Pb(Ⅱ)去除效果均具有增强作用,由此得出了以沸石+粉煤灰作为PRB材料时,EK-PRB修复Pb(Ⅱ)污染土壤的含水率和电压梯度最佳组合,即在电压梯度和含水率分别为2.5 V/cm和35%时,Pb(Ⅱ)的修复效果最好,去除率最高达到了80.7%。证明了沸石和粉煤灰作为组合材料时,EK-PRB联合修复技术在处理Pb(Ⅱ)污染高岭土时的可行性,可以为EK-PRB在PRB材料的改性和创新上的发展提供支持和依据。     

重金属污染土壤的电动力学修复试验研究

采用自制的实验装置研究重金属污染土壤的电动力学修复性能,通过间歇断电法和提高电压法提高单一重金属污染土壤的重金属去除率,取得了良好的效果,并且对多离子污染土壤的电动修复进行了研究.结果表明:间歇断电法和提高电压法与相同试验条件下的普通试验相比,Cd去除率分别提高了6.17%和0.56%,电能消耗分别节省了51.86%和12.4%.多离子污染土壤Cu,Pb,Cd的去除率分别为68.56%,75.31%,69.90%,相对于单一离子Cd的电动试验,修复效果降低不少.电能消耗为5.061 2kJ.g-1,比单一离子的电能消耗高出许多.     

包埋固定化Rhodopseudomonas palustris对邻氯苯酚的降解

以海藻酸钠为包埋载体,活性炭为添加材料,对沼泽红假单胞菌Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-1D进行固定化,通过正交试验确定固定化微生物小球的最佳制备条件:活性炭添加量为1%,海藻酸钠质量分数为3%,包埋菌体与包埋材料的质量比为1/20。在最佳条件下,微生物小球培养7 d后对2-氯苯酚(2-CP)的降解率为72.6%。对比研究微生物小球和游离细菌的降酚效果。将微生物小球引入序批式好氧生物反应器(SBR)工艺中,分别研究小球投加量、曝气时间、曝气量对生物反应器降解2-氯苯酚效果的影响。试验结果表明:微生物小球对2-CP的降解率较游离细菌有明显提高。在黑暗好氧条件下,有效容积为5 L的固定化生物反应器对2-CP模拟废水降解处理的最佳稳定工艺条件为:微生物小球投加量为20 g,曝气时间10 h,曝气量为100 L/h。在此条件下,经过连续30个周期的测定,微生物小球对2-CP的平均去除率始终保持在65%左右。     

孔雀草修复重金属-多氯联苯复合污染土壤的实验研究

迄今为止,鲜有利用花卉植物修复土壤中重金属-有机物复合污染土壤的相关报道。本研究应用盆栽实验的方法,利用花卉植物孔雀草修复重金属镉（Cd）-多氯联苯（PCBs）复合污染土壤,考察孔雀草对复合污染的耐受性及其对污染物的去除率。结果显示,相对空白对照组,当PCBs初始浓度为100 μg kg-1时,植物量最高可提高27.76%,植物体地上部分对Cd的吸收量超过100 mg kg-1,其植物体内对Cd的吸收有显著性提高,PCBs的降解率也提升了42.72%。孔雀草在复合污染土壤中显示出极强的耐受性和修复潜能。 关键词 植物修复 孔雀草 污染土壤 镉 多氯联苯     

三氯生污染土壤的磁助电动修复

采用磁助电动修复技术治理三氯生污染的土壤,用高岭土配置模拟三氯生污染土壤,模拟污染物含量分别为10 000,5 000和1 000 mg·kg-1.直流电源提供恒定电压梯度2 V·cm-1,磁感应强度设置为80 m T.三氯生污染土壤的修复试验结束后,土壤中的三氯生用甲醇萃取,然后采用高效液相法进行检测.经检测,阴极区土壤中三氯生含量远大于阳极区,实现了三氯生的有效迁移.经过10 d的修复过程,磁助电动修复最大污染物去除率达到65.1%.试验数据表明:磁感应强度越大,污染物含量越低,磁助电动修复效率越高.     

一种铬污染土壤的EK-Fe~(2+)-PRB概念设计及实验

电动-可渗透反应墙(EK-PRB)技术是电动修复技术与可渗透反应墙技术的组合,可应用于铬(VI)污染土壤的修复;实验在PRB中设置一组通过变阻器相连的铁质被动电极,电动修复的外电场在被动电极中诱导出电势差,使得一个被动电极被氧化释放出Fe2+离子,另一个电解水产生OH-离子;Fe2+离子将电迁移进入PRB的Cr(VI)离子还原成Cr3+离子,而OH-离子与Cr3+离子反应生成Cr(OH)3沉淀将铬固定在PRB中;实验还通过改变两个被动电极之间的电阻,利用聚焦现象研究EK-Fe2+-PRB的拦截效果;结果表明,EK-Fe2+-PRB技术可原位产生Fe2+离子将Cr(VI)有效地还原和拦截在PRB中,且PRB中的沉淀物不能阻止Fe2+离子的释放和迁移;电压梯度阱效应引起的聚焦现象虽然可有效地将Cr(VI)富集和暂时拦截至PRB中,但其单独作用无法实现对Cr(VI)的持久拦截。     

响应面法优化微波修复萘污染土壤工艺参数的研究

为了探究石油污染土壤微波修复最适宜的工艺参数，选取石油污染土壤中典型的半挥发性有机物萘（naphthalene，NAP）为目标污染物，以模拟萘污染的土壤为供试土壤，采用微波（f=2.45 GHz）对其进行修复。在单因素试验基础上，采用响应面法Box-Behnken实验设计，以NAP去除率为响应值，建立了以微波功率、辐照时间、土层厚度和土壤含水率为影响因子的二次多元回归模型。结果表明：模型经方差分析（ANOVA）结果达到极显著水平，其中微波功率的影响最为显著；得到最佳的工艺参数为微波功率768 W、辐照时间19 min、土层厚度3.2 cm、含水率16%，此条件下NAP去除率为97.3%；验证实验结果NAP去除率为97.0%，与模型预测结果仅偏差0.31%。利用响应面法优化的微波修复NAP污染土壤的工艺参数合理可行，研究结果可为微波土壤修复技术的工业化应用提供数据支持。     

油菜对Cd污染土壤的修复潜力分析

以甘蓝型油菜为研究材料,利用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd(0,1,2mg/kg)胁迫下油菜的吸收特性,以及土壤微生物群落结构变化.结果表明:随着Cd浓度的升高,油菜植株对Cd的吸收显著增加,而且油菜地上部分的吸收量显著高于地下部分,其中茎的Cd浓度最高,籽粒最低;油菜将Cd从地下转移到地上部分的转运系数随外源Cd浓度的升高而呈现先升高后下降的趋势;且低浓度Cd处理下,油菜对Cd的转运系数较高,修复效率可以达到6.841%~7.752%.土壤微生物多样性分析发现,Cd改变了土壤微生物群落的结构,降低了部分优势菌群的相对丰度,而油菜可以增加这些菌群的相对丰度,提高土壤微生物多样性.因此,种植油菜有利于土壤生态系统的稳定性,可以用于修复中等程度Cd污染土壤.     

乙醇的微生物传感体系研究

为寻找一株专一性更强的乙醇氧化菌（Methylobacterium sp.）,确立最佳微生物固定化方法,最终建立微生物乙醇检测体系,采用有利于微生物细胞生长的PVA-海藻酸盐溶胶-凝胶包埋法,对筛选、分离得到的乙醇氧化菌进行固定化,将其制备成固定化小球。考查了海藻酸钠、氯化钙等固定化添加剂浓度对固定化微生物细胞成球难易和活性的影响。研究了固定化颗粒机械强度和通透性。在乙醇菌的不同固定化条件下进行了实验比较,得出最佳固定化方法：10%聚乙烯醇、1.5%海藻酸钠、4%CaCl2、4%硼酸溶液固定化微生物细胞,其活性最高、机械强度较强。固定化小球与溶解氧电极组合成乙醇微生物传感体系,用于乙醇检测。考查了温度、pH值、盐离子浓度、菌种保存时间等因素对该传感体系的影响。用该体系测得乙醇线性响应范围为0.002%-0.2%（V/V）,RSD为6.3%。实验证明该体系适合于微量乙醇检测,具有精密度高、重现性良好、无毒害、响应快、方便及成本低的特点。     

FeCl3对Cd污染农田土壤的淋洗试验研究

以FeCl_3为淋洗剂对Cd污染农田土壤开展淋洗试验研究研究了淋洗液浓度、淋洗时间、液固比、搅拌速率对重金属去除效果的影响并分析土壤淋洗前后Cd的赋存形态变化。结果表明:广西某Cd污染农田土壤中Cd的赋存形态以可交换态和有机结合态为主,两者占总Cd比例为69.71%;当FeCl_3浓度、淋洗时间、液固比、搅拌速率分别为0.1 mol/L、60 min、5:1、150~180 r/min时为最佳因素组合,对Cd的去除率可达到77.27%;经过淋洗修复后土壤中Cd的赋存形态以不可生物利用性的有机结合态和残渣态为主两者占总Cd比例达到83.67%,可初歩认为以FeCl_3,为淋洗剂的Cd污染农田土壤修复方法具有可行性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has