Microst ructure andflexural properties of carbon/ca rbon composite with in-situ grown carbon nanotube as secondary reinforcement

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in-situ grown in carbon felts using ferric chloride as catalyst and natural gas as carbon precursor via thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TGCVI). Subsequently, the carbon felts were densified to obtain CNT reinforced carbon/carbon (C/C) composites in the same furnace. Effects of CNTs on the microstructure and flexural property of C/C composites were investigated by polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and universal mechanical testing machine. The results of PLM observation and Raman analysis showed that CNTs have two-sided effects on the microstructure of pyrocarbon: the pyrocarbons in the region without CNTs show medium texture; while, in the region full of CNTs, the microstructure was low-textured or even isotropic though the TGCVD conditions would lead to the deposition of pure low texture pyrocarbons. Analysis based on stress-strain curves demonstrated that the flexural strength increased first and then decreased with the CNT content increasing. When the CNT content was 5.23 wt%, the flexural strength was maximum and had a nearly 35% improvement compared with pure C/C composite. Besides, after adding CNTs, the flexural modulus of the composites decreased and the ductility increased obviously, indicating CNTs can toughen C/C composites.     

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi<Subscript>10</Subscript>Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi₁₀Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃. CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi₁₀Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt%. However, when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt%, the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed. Moreover, the mechanical properties (including the densities, compressive strength, and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt%. Meanwhile, the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi₁₀Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt% CNTs.     

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated.The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃.CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi10Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt％.However,when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt％,the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed.Moreover,the mechanical properties (including the densities,compressive strength,and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt％.Meanwhile,the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi10Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt％ CNTs.     

Chemical,mechanical, and thermal expansion properties of a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite

In the present study, the chemical and mechanical properties and the thermal expansion of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based crystalline nano-aluminum (nano Al) composite were reported. The properties of nanocomposites were tailored by incorporating CNTs into the nano Al matrix using a physical mixing method. The elastic moduli and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites were also estimated to understand the effects of CNT reinforcement in the Al matrix. Microstructural characterization of the nanocomposite reveals that the CNTs are dispersed and embedded in the Al matrix. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of CNTs into the nano Al matrix results in the increase in hardness and elastic modulus along with a concomitant decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. The hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposite increase by 21% and 20%, respectively, upon CNT addition. The CTE of CNT/Al nanocomposite decreases to 70% compared with that of nano Al.     

A novel high-sensitivity pressure sensor: Thinned fiber Bragg grating with pressure-sensing polymer

Based on thinned fiber Bragg grating and polymer material, we propose a novel high-sensitivity pressure sensor and obtained a new contribution to the pressure sensitivity, which is dependent on the derivative of the effective refractive index (RI) of core mode with respect to the surrounding medium RI, as well as on the relationship between the polymer RI and the pressure; moreover, it is inversely proportional to Young’s modulus of the polymer material. For the polymer with Young’s modulus of 1.0 MPa, the total pressure sensitivity 1.54×10-2 MPa-1 can be obtained.     

PA66/PA66功能化碳纳米管复合材料的制备及性能研究

以酸化的碳纳米管为原料,通过原位聚合在其表面接枝PA66得到PA66功能化碳纳米管（NF-CNTs）,然后用溶液共混法将NF-CNTs与PA66混合制备了PA66/NF-CNTs复合材料,对比了碳纳米管功能化前后对于复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:NF-CNTs在复合材料中分散性更好;与PA66/CNTs复合材料相比,PA66/NF-CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率更低,渗滤阈值从4%下降为3%;当NF-CNTs的添加量为2%时,PA66/NF-CNTs复合材料的初始失重温度达到最大值390℃,与纯PA66以及PA66/CNTs复合材料相比,分别提升了38℃和13℃.      

三维互通CNTs/Cu复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

对CuCr合金粉末固溶时效处理之后进行预烧结,得到CuCr预压块。以此预压块为基底,采用化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）工艺和放电等离子烧结（sparking plasma sintering, SPS）工艺成功制备了三维互通的碳纳米管/铜（carbon nanotubes/Cu, CNTs/Cu）复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）,拉曼光谱仪等表征碳纳米管的微观组织结构,利用微拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,Cr作为催化剂,对碳纳米管的形貌影响很大,碳纳米管的质量也会对复合材料的力学性能产生影响。当Cr的质量分数为0.6%时,碳纳米管在铜基体表面均匀分布,CNTs/Cu复合材料的力学性能最佳。经SPS烧结和轧制之后,复合材料的导电率和屈服强度分别达到了82.4% IACS和349 MPa,断裂伸长率高达6.4%,这是由于CNTs的加入,起到了第二相强化的作用,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

PAN基碳纤维微结构特征的研究

利用X射线衍射（XRD）,拉曼光谱（Raman）对几种高性能聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维的微观结构进行了研究,并初步讨论了微观结构对碳纤维机械性能的影响机理。研究结果表明：高强（T系列）碳纤维的微晶约由5～6层石墨平面组成,高强高模（MJ系列）碳纤维的微晶约由10～20层石墨平面组成;晶区取向度是影响碳纤维模量的主要因素,影响碳纤维强度的主要因素随石墨化程度的不同有所改变。     

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

To extend the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and explore novel aluminum matrix composites, CNTs were coated by molybdenum layers using metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and then Mo-coated CNT (Mo-CNT)/Al composites were prepared by the combination processes of powder mixing and spark plasma sintering. The influences of powder mixing and Mo-CNT content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated. The results show that magnetic stirring is better than mechanical milling for mixing the Mo-CNTs and Al powders. The electrical conductivity of the composites decreases with increasing Mo-CNT content. When the Mo-CNT content is 0.5wt%, the tensile strength and hardness of Mo-CNT/Al reach their maximum values. The tensile strength of 0.5wt% Mo-CNT/Al increases by 29.9%, while the electrical conductivity only decreases by 7.1%, relative to sintered pure Al. The phase analysis of Mo-CNT/Al composites reveals that there is no formation of Al carbide in the composites.     

碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的物理性能

为拓展碳纳米管应用领域,开发新型橡胶纳米复合材料,在碳纳米管预处理基础上,通过机械混炼方法将碳纳米管与天然橡胶复合。研究表明,与传统炭黑增强样品相比,碳纳米管在橡胶中的混入速度快,温升幅度小,混炼胶的硫化返原现象减轻。经过分散粘合体系处理,碳纳米管在橡胶中的分散性及界面粘合状况改善,热处理后复合材料的整体力学性能提高,对比炭黑增强样品,碳纳米管复合材料的弹性模量和玻璃化转变温度高,回弹及动态压缩性能好,并且热稳定性较高。     

碳纳米管改性聚苯硫醚复合材料的等温结晶动力学研究

应用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和Avrami模型分析聚苯硫醚(PPS)/碳纳米管(CNT)复合材料的等温结晶行为,分别考察了PPS和复合材料的结晶动力学参数以及结晶活化能,揭示了PPS的等温结晶特性和少量CNT对PPS结晶行为的作用。结果表明：随着结晶温度的升高,复合材料的结晶速率逐渐下降,说明复合材料的结晶是以依热成核控制为主;少量CNT的加入降低了PPS的结晶活化能,明显提高了PPS的结晶速率,同时使成核方式发生转变;纯PPS的Avrami指数n约为4,结晶方式为均相成核,而复合材料的Avrami指数n约为3,转变为异相成核;成核方式的转变大大的提高了PPS的结晶速率。     

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers

The method of preparing the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)-polyacrylonitriIe (PAN) composite fibers is described and the effects of draw ratio on the mechanical properties of CNT/PAN fibers have also been discussed. The results show that the degrees of MWNTs dispersion in the polymer matrix have much effect on the mechanical properties.     

Synthesis of carbon nanotube arrays using ethanol in porous anodic aluminum oxide template

Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays confined by porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template were synthesized using ethanol as reactant carbon source at low pressure. Images by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and low magnification transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that these CNTs have highly uniform outer diameter and length, absolutely controlled by the diameter and depth of nano-channel arrays of the AAO. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging indicates that the graphitization of the CNT walls is better than the results reported on this kind of template-based CNT arrays, although it is not so good as that of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by catalysis. CNTs synthesized using acetylene as reactant gas show much less graphitization than those prepared using ethanol by comparing the results of HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy. The etchingeffects of decomposed OH radicals on the amorphous carbon and the roughness of AAO nano-channel arrays on the CNTs growth were employed to explain the graphitization and growth of the CNTs.     

PET废纤/竹原纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能与吸水性能

采用平板模压成型方法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是(PET)废纤/竹原纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料,研究纤维梳理方式及不同质量比对复合材料力学性能与吸水性能的影响。结果表明:相同纤维比例、不同纤维梳理方式的复合材料拉伸强度无显著差异;纤维混合梳理的复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量均显著高于分别梳理的复合材料;纤维分别梳理的复合材料耐水性能优于纤维混合梳理的复合材料。动态机械热分析显示:复合材料储能模量随竹原纤维含量增加而增加,PET纤维含量的增加使复合材料阻尼效应增加。复合材料吸水动力学表明:水分在竹原纤维比例高且分别梳理的复合材料内部的扩散符合Fick定律;而水分在竹原纤维比例低且纤维混合梳理的复合材料内部的扩散行为不符合Fick定律。     

ZnO/Zn/CNT三维多孔复合结构的制备及对甲基橙的无光催化降解

以碳纳米管(CNTs)、纳米ZnO/Zn复合粉体和造孔剂聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球为原料,通过超声分散、真空抽滤、焙烧的方法制备ZnO/Zn/CNT三维多孔复合结构.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)和拉曼光谱仪对样品的微观结构及成分进行表征.结果显示,样品内部存在大量的连通孔,ZnO/Zn复合粉体均匀分散于CNTs所构筑多孔结构的孔隙中.在多孔复合结构的制备过程中,ZnO晶体结构未发生变化也无杂质生成.多孔复合结构对模拟污染物甲基橙的暗室催化降解结果证明,由于独特的孔结构存在和ZnO与CNTs的协同作用,使得样品在80min时对甲基橙的降解率达99.9%.     

不同改性方法对竹塑复合材料拉伸性能的影响

研究了纳米碳酸钙浸渍改性对单根竹纤维表面碳酸钙附着情况、拉伸性能以及竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料拉伸性能的影响,并将改性效果与纳米碳酸钙原位沉积改性进行对比。结果表明,纳米碳酸钙浸渍改性可以使碳酸钙颗粒均匀填充竹纤维表面微孔、褶皱等缺陷部位,附着的碳酸钙颗粒粒径均匀,分散性较好,附着量达到21.39%。经浸渍改性的单根竹纤维力学性能有所提高,拉伸强度、弹性模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了15.98%、22.15%和5.21%,但提高幅度低于原位沉积改性。分别将纳米碳酸钙浸渍、原位沉积改性竹纤维与聚丙烯薄膜制成竹塑复合材料,通过断面形貌观察发现两种改性方法均可改善竹纤维与聚丙烯的界面结合性能,复合材料拉伸性能相应提高,浸渍改性使复合材料拉伸强度和弹性模量分别提高了6.95%和15.80%,原位沉积改性分别提高18.68%和25.41%。虽然浸渍改性效果低于原位沉积改性,但工艺更简单。     

原位生长碳纳米管增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能简

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料（SiCf/SiC）是航空航天和聚变能源等高技术领域理想的高温结构材料,改善纤维与基体的界面结合是提高其力学性能的关键。本文采用化学气相沉积法在纤维表面原位生长碳纳米管,以达到改善纤维与基体的结合同时对复合材料进行二次增强的目的。结果表明,采用碳纳米管增强的SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能有不同程度的提高,特别是当碳纳米管的体积分数为5．31％时,复合材料的断裂韧性提高106．3％。纤维表面的碳纳米管层与纤维结合较弱,能够促进纤维的拔出,从而促进复合材料断裂韧性的提高;另外,碳纳米管的拔出对复合断裂韧性的提高也有一定的促进作用。     

拉曼光谱法研究聚丙烯腈基碳纤维石墨结构取向

利用拉曼光谱对不同取向度的聚丙烯腈（PAN)基碳纤维进行截面和表面区域石墨结构表征,通过对测试机理的分析以及取向与模量相关性的研究,建立了采用拉曼光谱表征纤维皮部石墨结构取向的方法。研究发现,拉曼表征的纤维皮部石墨结构取向因子g*与X射线衍射表征的纤维整体石墨结构取向度π变化趋势相同,说明拉曼光谱表征结构取向的方法是有效的;与π相比,g*和纤维拉伸模量存在更好的线性关系,表明皮部石墨结构取向对纤维整体模量的贡献更大、更直接。     

Enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane/ polyvinyl chloride blend by loading single walled carbon nanotubes

Structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of pure blend and nanocomposites based on polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) doped with low different content of single walled-carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were studied. The nanocomposites at different concentration were prepared via casting technique. The interaction between PU/PVC and CNTs were examined via FT-IR studies. The changes in the structures of the nanocomposites were examined using X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the results indicated that the amorphous domains of nanocomposites increased with increasing SWCNTs content. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicated that SWCNTs surface was wrapped with the polymer with the thermal properties of nanocomposites improved. The mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was evaluated as a function of SWCNTs content. The main enhancement in tensile properties was observed, e.g., the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased compared with the pure blend, which may be attributed to the interaction and adhesion between CNTs and the polymer matrices due to the hydrogen bonding between carbonyl groups (C=O) of polymer blend chains and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups of CNTs.