高酸值原油中石油酸的分离和回收的研究

采用复合溶剂直接对高酸值原油中的环烷酸进行抽提,经优选表明：溶剂组分A的质量分数为5%,组分B为8%,组分C为40%,组分D为0.8%;抽提的最佳剂油质量比0.15。经复合溶剂抽提,脱除率可以达到80%以上,环烷酸的粗酸值符合工业2^#酸的标准。     

复合溶剂萃取法用于直馏柴油脱酸的研究

本文在[5]的基础上,进一步开发出复合溶剂萃取法用于直馏柴油脱酸和回收环烷酸的工艺流程。研究表明,该工艺的环烷酸脱除率达97%以上,精制后柴油质量满足GB252-77质量标准;复合溶剂经蒸馏回收可循环使用,同时得到了环烷酸副产品;该工艺不产生三废,有利于环境保护,克服了柴油碱电精制和硫酸中和法回收环烷酸的缺点。     

柴油脱酸溶剂回收用聚酰亚胺纳滤膜的制备和分离性能

针对醇氨法脱除柴油中环烷酸技术存在的溶剂回收过程能耗大的问题,制备出聚酰亚胺纳滤膜以分离环烷酸和溶剂,考察了铸膜液表观黏度、铸膜液挥发时间、凝固浴组成等膜制备工艺对膜通量和截留率的影响,同时考察了抽提液中环烷酸盐质量分数和操作压力等使用条件对膜分离性能的影响规律.结果表明:所得纳滤膜的通量超过17 L·m-2·h-1,截留率超过50%;使用黏度为310 mPa·s的铸膜液、在60 s铸膜液挥发时间、使用纯乙醇为凝固浴可得到综合性能最佳的纳滤膜;提高抽提液中环烷酸盐质量分数,膜通量下降,但对截留率基本无影响;升高操作压力,膜通量和截留率均增大.     

溶剂萃取法脱除银杏酸工艺研究

通过溶剂萃取法脱除银杏叶提取物中的有害成分银杏酸,以银杏黄酮、银杏内酯和银杏酸的分配比为指标,考察了水相pH值、乙醇体积分数、有机相等对分配比的影响,优化了溶剂萃取法脱除银杏酸的工艺参数。结果表明,以pH值2.0、体积分数40%的乙醇为下相,正己烷为上相时,可有效脱除银杏叶提取物中的银杏酸,并且最大限度保留银杏黄酮和银杏内酯等活性成分。     

催化裂化柴油复合溶剂萃取精制工艺研究

选取四类不同的复合溶剂，依据萃取理论，运用正交设计方法，针对咸阳助剂厂生产的催化裂化柴油进行了精制工艺研究。试验结果表明，催化裂化柴油经优选的复合溶剂精制后，柴油收率达９５％，且可脱除约７１．７％的总氨、７３．７％的非碱性氦、４６．９％的硫醇和５４．１％总硫。精制后的催化裂化柴油进行加速储存后色度为１３＃，达到一级柴油标准的要求，稳定性提高，溶剂可以回收循环使用。     

植物油精炼废白土再生技术的实验研究

植物油精制过程产生大量含油废白土,如果不能有效处理会对环境造成污染,同时也造成资源浪费。采用溶剂抽提法对植物油精炼废白土进行再生研究,选用石油醚(90~120℃)为非极性抽提溶剂,95%乙醇为极性抽提溶剂,首先用石油醚(90~120℃)对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土中的理想组分,然后用石油醚(90~120℃)和95%乙醇的混合溶剂对废白土进行抽提,得到废白土中的非理想组分。确定了废白土再生的最佳工艺条件:溶剂用量为100 m L溶剂/100 g废白土,石油醚和乙醇的体积比为4∶1,抽提温度50℃,抽提时间30~40 min,抽提次数以3~4次为宜。在上述条件下,废白土中总油分得率达到28%以上,再生白土比表面积达到150 m~2·g~(-1),再生白土的脱色率、活性度、游离酸、粒度、水分等质量指标基本符合要求,吸附性能得到恢复。     

蛋黄卵磷脂的提取方法研究

用溶剂法提取蛋黄卵磷脂,用定磷法检测所得产品的含磷量,并以此作为产品质量的评价标准;研究了乙醇浓度、抽提次数、萃取温度及金属沉淀剂对实验结果的影响,得出最佳实验条件为,用95％的乙醇抽提4次,萃取温度为25℃,以ZnCl2作为金属沉淀剂．     

用H2O2—有机酸氧化脱除催化裂化柴油中的硫化物

用30％H2O2－HCOOH对催化裂化柴油中的含硫化合物（主要为苯并噻吩米）进行了氧化,然后用溶剂萃取法脱除柴油中的硫化物的氧化产物,所用萃取包括N－甲基吡咯烷酮,N,N－二甲基甲酰胺,二甲亚砜,乙腈,硝基甲烷,其中,N,N－二甲基甲酰胺和二甲亚砚效果最好,在剂油（体积）比为1：2,溶剂含水量为5％及萃取时间为10min的条件下,柴油总硫含量从0．8％降至0．3％,柴油收率为70％－80％,对未处理柴油,氧化柴油及氧化－萃取柴油进行了GC／FPD分析,发现催化裂化柴油中苯并噻吩的脱除率为60％,GC／MS分析表明,氧化产物主要为以1,1－二氧苯噻吩类为主的砜类,共鉴定出了23种砜类。     

催化裂化柴油复合溶剂萃取精制工艺研究

选取四类不同的复合溶剂,依据萃取理论,运用正交设计方法,针对咸阳助剂厂生产的催化裂化柴油进行了精制工艺研究．试验结果表明,催化裂化柴油经优选的复合溶剂精制后,柴油收率达９５％ ,且可脱除约７１．７％ 的总氮、７３．７％ 的非碱性氮、４６．９％ 的硫醇和５４．１％ 总硫．精制后的催化裂化柴油进行加速储存后色度为１３＃ ,达到一级柴油标准的要求,稳定性提高,溶剂可以回收循环使用．     

DCC轻油溶剂抽提工艺研究

在实验室中对DCC轻油进行了抽提工艺研究，结果表明：DMSO是较好的抽提溶剂，可将轻油中95%以上的芳烃抽出来，抽余油具有较高的十六烷指数，可直接做柴油组分，抽出芳烃中芳烃含量95%以上，且大部分为二、三环，可开发利用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that