具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

“能”和“可以”的辨析

本文对“能”和“可以”的一些问题进行了探讨。探讨中得出在语义上“能”主要表示有能力,“可以”主要表示可能性。针对于一些学者认为的“能”和“可以”的义项与人称主语和疑问语气有密切关系的论断持不同的态度,经过分析得出两者义项的选择与语境的关系最为密切;本文还把“能”和“可以”的肯定与否定的不对称现象用表格的形式,清楚地列了出来;对“不可以”的扩大使用的现象通过语料库得出它使用的范围比较窄;最后,从语义、语法、语用三个方面对“能”和“可以”进行了辨析,希望对对外汉语教学有一定的作用。     

"象"的境界与"数"的真理--作为中西古典美学意义之发端的老子"象论" 与毕达哥拉斯学派的"数论"

老子“象论”与毕达哥拉斯学派“数论”分别构成了中西古典美学的意义之发端。两在思想路向上存在着巨大的差异。老子“象论”及其人生论的思想路向启发了中国古典美学中的“意象”本体论和以“境界”为最高审美理想的思想;毕达哥拉斯学派“数论”及其知识论的思想路向启发了西方古典美学中的“形式”本体论和以“真理”为最高审美理想的思想。     

从“实然”与“应然”解“世风日下”之迷

古今中外,哀叹“世风日下”的呼声不绝于耳,在我国社会转型时期“世风日下”观念更加强化。笔者在文中从社会转型期市场经济条件下人们道德观念领域的“实然”与“应然”的矛盾入手,对“世风日下”观念在当前社会中异常强化的原因进行了探析并对道德嬗变的走向进行了展望,对于解决人们在社会转型时期的道德迷茫有一定的现实意义。     

"知识宝库"向"知识喷泉"的转变

要充分发挥高校系资料室在教学科研中的作用,必须抓好三个方面的转变一是“后勤部”变“科研前哨”;二是“知识宝库”变“知识喷泉”;三是“被动式”服务变“主动式”服务。     

"性别"解读的另一种眼光--关于"女性艺术"的思考

“性别文化”成为当下的研究热点,以“女性艺术”为契入点分析文学是另一种目光,换一种思维思考现当代文学的女性作家的“女性艺术”的现代化的进程,就女性作家和男性作家的文本“性别”意识个案分析,试图阐释新时期的文学现象和文学意义。     

抓住体育教育环节 全面推进素质教育

本文从揭示素质教育内涵出发,通过分析体育在素质教育中的重要地位,进而得出加强体育教育及其改革,是真正实现素质教育必然之一。     

世纪之交的"现代"与"后现代"

现代与后现代既有联系,又有区别,其共同点为反叛传统、标新立异,具有先锋姿态。后现代是对现代的继承和发展,更是对它的反拨与叛逆。世纪之交中国的现代与后现代大体停留于对西方的移植、仿效、阐释,但亦有一定程度的改造。尼采宣告“上帝死了,”必然导致现代主义以“人的自我为中心”作为最重要的特征,福柯“人的死亡,”巴特“作者之死”的思想导致“以语言为中心”成为后现代最重要的特征。现代主义构建深度模式,而后现代主义则削平成消解这种深度,却具有另一种深度——肤浅中的深刻。     

《左传》所载"因""报""烝"考辨

就《左传》的记载来看,“因”并非一种婚姻关系,而“报”并不见容于春秋时期的宗法制度。“烝”是在婚姻伦理形成之初,在宗法制度可以容忍的范围内的一种事实婚姻。它既非群婚或转房婚的遗迹,亦不同于周边少数民族的收继婚。对于这种事实婚姻,不同地区、不同的人所持的态度是不同的,既非毫不犹豫的承认,亦非旗帜鲜明的反对。这种情况反映了春秋早期贵族阶层婚姻伦理的相对混乱状态。     

关于"黄色"表示"色情"的几个问题

“黄色”的“色情”义要在一定的词语形式和语境中显现,须区分其在应用中的含义;“黄色”的“色情”义属借词义,为象征用法。     

《秦腔》:既非"低谷"亦非"高峰"

《秦腔》自问世以来,遭遇评论界“高峰”与“低谷”两种截然相反的评价并进而引发热烈的争议。在对文本进行整体阅读后,认为两种结论均有偏颇。《秦腔》因其表现中国转型期农村和农民生活发展及变化历程的宏大主题以及圆熟的“原生态”叙事方式决定其并非“低谷”之作,因其较明显的“素材再现”现象决定其亦非“高峰”之作,不过是贾平凹不断转轨过程中的一个坐标和见证。