Ⅰ型彗尾中非线性扰动波的演化及其验证

进一步讨论了Ⅰ型彗尾中扰动波的演化特性,并作了定量计算,与观测进行对比,得到了很好的验证。轴对称的彗尾非线性波难以稳定,流线会失去规则的结构而变成各种云状物质;而非轴对称的彗尾,却能产生稳态的非线性螺旋波。由此,不少观测到的彗尾现象,能得到较满意的解释。     

用小型望远镜拍摄哈雷彗星的彗尾

1985—1986年度哈雷彗星的回归是举世瞩目的天象。“国际哈雷彗星联测机构”(IHW)组织全世界的天文工作者进行统一的观测。通过对哈雷彗星的观测和研究,对了解太阳系起源等重大问题将有着积极的意义。彗星的大尺度观测主要是研究彗尾等离子体与太阳风之间的关系及彗尾随时间的变化,     

彗星的反常尘埃彗尾

从地球上观测到的彗尾一般是在彗核的背太阳一侧延展,但也观测到几颗彗星在某些特殊情况却呈现出从彗核朝向太阳一侧延展的扇形或长钉形的反常彗尾或向日彗尾.反常彗尾是彗核抛出的大尘粒组成的尘埃彗尾,由于受太阳辐射压斥力较小而成为其轨道面附近的太空垃圾,这些垃圾会危害空间环境和航天安全,因此,观测和研究反常彗尾对于预防这些大尘粒撞击飞船有重要意义.本文首先介绍了反常彗尾的基本解释和事例,然后阐述了反常彗尾的尘埃彗尾动力学理论及其研究成果.最后简述了我国彗星猎人发现的新彗星C/2007 N3(Lulin),即鹿林彗星及其在2009年1-2月观测到的奇特反常尘埃彗尾情况,并给出了初步处理的一些形态图像和解释,初步测量和估算了反常彗尾长度.     

弱引力透镜的最优窗函数

光线的引力偏折会导致引力透镜效应,用它可以直接测量宇宙中暗物质的分布,而不用考虑其物理状态.宇宙中大尺度结构可以对遥远的星系产生弱引力透镜效应.最近几个研究小组观测到了弱引力透镜效应[1-2].由于其效应极其微弱,因此所有的观测在本质上都是许多星系的统计效应.在标准宇宙学模型中,物质的扰动起源于早期极小的、对称的高斯扰动.     

磁尾多元等离子体片振荡与磁脉动的模拟

在磁尾近赤道等离子体片区经常可以观测到可压Pc5脉动波～([1])。一般认为这种脉动波是由磁镜不稳定性产生的。Vaivds,et al.～([2])提出观测卫星相对磁镜结构的晃动可能是该脉动波的成因。本文运用磁尾多元等离子体片模型～([3])对含O～+离子情况下的等离子体片甚低频扰动进行了2.5维数值模拟研究。对等离子体片模拟区内的磁能、内能和动能等积分对应不同的O～+离子丰度的时间演化进行了模拟计算,发现在中磁尾等离子体片区存在着低频本征振荡。对O～+离子丰度为0.3时,一个振动周期内物理量场的2维分布特性的时间演化过程研究表明,该等离子体片振荡可描述为磁能与     

强激光在不均匀等离子体中传输的成丝不稳定性

近年来,随着超短超强激光技术的发展,超强激光与等离子体相互作用方面的研究受到了越来越多研究者的重视.其中,强飞秒激光在等离子体中传输时的成丝不稳定性是一个重要的研究课题.因为其在激光引雷以及激光诱导电离光谱分析等诸多方面具有广阔的应用前景.本论述主要研究了线性极化激光束在轴向不均匀等离子体中传输时的成丝不稳定性,通过理论推导建立了相对论非线性激光场对应的非线性波方程.考虑到激光振幅在不均匀等离子体中的横向扰动,如果这种扰动以确定的形式给出,则将该形式代入并求解已得的扰动波方程就可以得到在轴向密度发生变化的等离子体结构中激光成丝不稳定性的增长率.     

彗星的现代研究

本文对彗星的物理及化学动力学模型、彗发、等离子体彗尾的现代研究进展进行了评述,并结合本人对Halley彗星观测所获得的资料进行了论证。     

金属桥箔电爆炸等离子体流场实验研究

为了研究金属桥箔电爆炸等离子体流场特征,进行了金属桥箔电爆炸实验.利用基于纹影摄影技术的双脉冲光源等离子体流场结构测量系统,对桥箔电爆炸等离子体流场进行了照相观测,获得了不同时刻等离子射流和冲击波的物理图像.分析了等离子体流场变化规律,得到了等离子体及冲击波的特性参数.     

电子扰动振幅对非均匀离子背景下相位混合及波破的影响

采用Vlasov-Poisson数值模拟方法,研究了非均匀离子背景下、大范围变化的电子密度扰动振幅对冷等离子体振荡过程的影响,得到了波破裂发生时相空间的电子分布情况.当电子密度扰动较小时,电子等离子体波的影响较小,波破裂主要由背景离子的不均匀性引起.电子密度扰动中等大小时,电子等离子体波导致的波破裂发生在早期阶段,但比...     

双温非热尘埃等离子体中的二维尘埃声孤波

使用约化摄动方法得到了高阶横向扰动下的含有双温非热离子的无磁化尘埃等离子体中的KP方程.研究结果表明,高阶横向扰动会使孤波的振幅减小,而使宽度增大,双温非热离子的存在会严重影响着尘埃声孤波的结构,而且,稀疏形孤波与压缩形孤波均可能出现.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that