底水油藏中隔夹层对水平井开发影响研究

本文结合物理模拟、数值模拟、实际井动态分析等多种方法,进一步研究隔夹层对水平井开发效果的影响。通过建立三维可视化底水油藏物理模型,研究水平井隔夹层大小对水平井效果的影响,表明靠近水平井远离油水界面的隔夹层下部出现“屋檐油”,此处的剩余油为油藏高含水期挖潜剩余油的主要方向。结合底水油藏数值模型,研究不同隔夹层展布范围以及不同隔夹层分布位置下水平井的开发动态,随着隔夹层展布范围增加,隔夹层距离油水界面越远（越靠近水平井下方）,则水平井开发效果越好;通过对国内某典型油田水平井生产资料进行分析,所得结论与物模、数模结果一致。     

塔河低幅大底水油藏高含水期剩余油分布

为准确表征低幅大底水油藏高含水期剩余油富集特征,为油藏下一步调整指明方向。以塔河1区三叠系下油组为例开展精细数值模拟剩余油综合研究,目标油藏纵向上剩余油主要分布在油层顶部,平面上剩余油主要分布在构造高部位及井间。剩余油主要受构造、夹层、储层非均质、断层、井网、井型、沉积韵律等多种因素综合影响。针对低幅度大底水油藏剩余油的主要特点,氮气泡沫驱挖潜剩余油矿场试验取得了较好效果,未来可能成为此类油藏剩余油挖潜的主要方式。     

塔河低幅大底水油藏中高含水期剩余油分布

为准确表征低幅大底水油藏高含水期剩余油富集特征,为油藏下一步调整指明方向。以塔河1区三叠系下油组为例开展精细数值模拟剩余油综合研究,目标油藏纵向上剩余油主要分布在油层顶部,平面上剩余油主要分布在构造高部位及井间。剩余油主要受构造、夹层、储层非均质、断层、井网、井型、沉积韵律等多种因素综合影响。针对低幅度大底水油藏剩余油的主要特点,氮气泡沫驱挖潜剩余油矿场试验取得了较好效果,未来可能成为此类油藏剩余油挖潜的主要方式。     

油藏数值模拟研究在低渗透油田的应用——以卫22块为例

油藏数值模拟是油藏研究的重要方法之一。在计算机上应用油藏数值模拟软件可以再现油藏开发过程中地下油、水、气的运动,研究解决油藏开发的实际问题。本文通过对低渗透油藏卫城油田卫22块进行油藏数值模拟,模拟出了区块目前的剩余油分布特征,为下步开发提供了指导。     

文13西低渗异常高压油藏数值模拟研究

油藏数值模拟作为油田开发的重要技术手段,在油藏开发调整、剩余油分布研究中发挥了重要作用.由于深层低渗异常高压油藏区构造复杂,注采不完善,储量水驱动用程度低,剩余油在空间分布上具有高度零散的特点,利用先进的网格技术及精细油藏数值模拟技术是寻找这类剩余油分布的最科学、最实用的技术手段.对文13西油田进行了油藏数值模拟研究,针对低渗油藏的特点,提出改进的大规模密网格油藏数值模拟方法,弄清了地下油、水运动和剩余油分布规律,提出了合理的调整方案,为高效开发该油田提供了技术支持和决策依据.     

夹层对底水油藏开发及剩余油分布影响研究

砂岩底水油藏在中国储量丰富,底水油藏开发面临的核心问题是底水锥进,而夹层对抑制底水锥进具有明显效果。由于夹层成因的复杂性,目前夹层研究尚没有统一模式。针对这一问题,提出从夹层分布面积、夹层厚度、夹层渗透率、夹层泥质含量等参数,将夹层归纳为无夹层、渗滤型夹层、小范围不渗透夹层和大范围不渗透夹层4种模式。无夹层模式底水锥进速度快,大范围不渗透夹层模式底水完全被抑制,这两种夹层模式下的油气开发效果较差;渗滤型夹层底水被转化为次生边水和次生底水,小范围不渗透夹层底水转化为次生边水,这两种夹层模式开发效果较好。无夹层模式远离井筒周围分布大量剩余油,可以通过完善井网来提高动用程度;渗滤型夹层开发效果好,剩余油分布很少;小范围不渗透夹层底部形成"屋檐油",顶部形成"屋顶油",这种剩余油可作为后期挖潜的一个方向;大范围不渗透夹层上下邻层均可存在大量的剩余油,是油田开发后期挖潜的重点对象。     

大港油田埕海一区馆陶组剩余油分布规律研究

大港油田埕海一区馆陶组为构造砂岩底水油藏,储层发育受辫状河道控制,内部发育多条小断层和隔层。开发过程中底水锥进严重,使得井间分布大量剩余油。通过油藏精细地质模型和油藏数值模拟,准确描述剩余油的分布规律,部署了调整井,预测了开发效果。     

太平边底水稠油油藏高效调整技术

针对太平油田边底水稠油油藏直井开发含水上升快、储量动用程度低、采收率低的问题,为了改善开发效果,提高储量动用程度和采收率,开展了边底水稠油油藏水平井整体调整技术研究,初步形成了边底水稠油油藏剩余油分布规律研究、隔夹层研究、水平井技术等水平井整体调整配套技术,在太平油田应用后取得好效果,对太平油田边底水稠油油藏及同类油藏的开发具有较好的指导和借鉴意义。     

柴达木盆地昆北油田厚油层隔夹层研究

开发实践证明,厚油层内部隔夹层的分布规律是影响油田开发中后期单砂体注采关系及剩余油分布的主控因 素。柴达木盆地昆北油田A 区下干柴沟组下段油藏发育厚油层,厚油层内部泥质隔夹层发育,在岩芯标定测井的基础 上,建立了泥质隔夹层识别模式,并以此模式为标准开展了全区隔夹层的识别及分布规律研究,根据隔夹层的纵向分 布、平面展布特征将区内隔夹层分为稳定型隔夹层、次稳定型隔夹层和不稳定型隔夹层等3 种类型。水动力条件及基 准面旋回是控制隔夹层厚度变化及分布规模的主要因素。在分析3 种隔夹层分布规律的基础上,以泥质含量参数下 限值为约束条件利用随机建模方法预测了井间隔夹层的空间分布,建立了研究区隔夹层的三维展布模型,为油藏注采 关系调整、提高水驱储量动用程度提供了地质依据。     

隔夹层对薄层底水油藏排水采油动态影响研究

在薄层底水油藏开发过程中,由于油层下部水体发育,能量充足,极易发生底水锥进现象,从而导致其开发效果变差．双层完井排水采油技术可以抑制底水锥进,达到解放油层生产潜力、改善油藏开发效果的目的．基于其原理并结合陆梁油田陆9井区呼图壁河组K1h2^3油藏的储集层参数,应用油藏数值模拟技术研究了理想单井模型下隔夹层对排水采油动态的影响．数值模拟结果表明：有效的隔板能够很好地抑制底水锥进,但隔板尺寸大小与排水规模之间有一定的关系．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with