A novel viral oncogene with structural similarity to phospholipase C

Numerous oncogenes have been isolated from acutely transforming retroviruses. To date, the products of these viral oncogenes have been protein kinases, nuclear proteins, growth factors, or GTP-binding proteins. We have cloned the previously uncharacterized avian sarcoma virus CT10 and sequenced its genome. This virus encodes a protein, p47gag-crk, that has blocks of sequence similarity to the amino-terminal, non-catalytic region of the non-receptor class of tyrosine kinases. In addition, the structure of p47gag-crk has striking similarity to a 180-amino acid region of bovine brain phospholipase C. Biochemical data suggest that p47gag-crk activates one or several endogenous tyrosine kinases.     

线粒体蛋白转运系统的序列相似性分析

通过在27个不同进化层次物种的基因组和蛋白组中搜索酵母线粒体蛋白转运系统亚基的同源序列, 并进一步分析了同源亚基序列相似性与其所在线粒体位置的关系. 结果表明, 位于线粒体相同位置的模块有类似的序列相似性曲线, 相似性曲线在模块内部一般有波峰和波谷. 从线粒体外膜到基质, 序列相似性整体升高. 线粒体蛋白转运系统亚基与一些功能不相关的蛋白也表现出序列相似关系, 且这些亚基多集中在线粒体的内膜和外膜.     

由m序列生成非线性序列的C语言实现

对m序列线性移位寄存器的状态图进行状态重组可以得到一类非线性移位寄存器的状态图,从而获得一类非线性伪随机序列。本文首先将生成非线性伪随机序列的条件演绎成严谨的数学语言,然后将移位寄存器的状态表看成二维数组,给出了在C语言环境下生成m序列并进行状态重组生成非线性伪随机序列的编程方法,用这种方法可以生成大量的非线性伪随机序列。     

苏里格庙地区上古生界层序地层学研究

为查明苏里格庙地区天然气储集层的展布规律，根据地质、地震、测进及地球化学资料，将该区上古生界地层划分为6个层序15个体系域：DS1，DS2，DS3层序具二元体系域结构，即由进体系域和高位体系域组成；DS4，DS5，DS6层序具有三元体系域结构，包括低位体系域、湖进体系域和高位体系域。层序发育特征反映了研究区从晚石炭世－－早二叠世中期的陆表海环境逐渐向早二叠世晚期－－晚二叠世的河流－－三角洲－－湖泊环境的演化过程。其中：DS1，DS2，DS3层序中高位体系域的炭质泥岩、页岩及煤层是良好的烃源岩；DS4，DS5层序中低位体系域的三角洲和河道砂体是物性良好的储层；DS5和DS6层序中高位体系域及湖进体系域的泥岩是有利的盖层，它们在垂向上构成了有利的生储盖组合。     

Sequence similarity analysis of non-self CTL epitopes and mouse proteins using sequence alignment

This research analyzed amino acid sequence similarity between non-self T cell epitopes recognized by mouse antibodies and mouse proteins. Using sequence alignment,we found that only 8 of 1 108 epitopes are highly similar to mouse protein sequences. The result shows that non-self T cell epitopes are not similar or have little similarity to mouse protein sequences. Furthermore,reviewing the related literature,we also found that the eight epitopes would trigger immune responses in some particular environment,which are ignored by T cells in normal condition. The result suggests that no or low-similarity peptide vaccines can reduce the chance of collateral cross-reactions and enhance the antigen-specific immune response to vaccine.     

Novel anti-inflammatory peptides from the region of highest similarity between uteroglobin and lipocortin I

Significant future developments in the effective treatment of inflammatory diseases may arise from non-toxic dual inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in the arachidonate cascade. Inhibition of phospholipase A2(PLA2)(EC3.1.1.4), may provide such a dual action and recent research has concentrated on the role of PLA2-inhibitory proteins as possible anti-inflammatory agents. Blastokinin or uteroglobin is a steroid-induced rabbit secretory protein with PLA2-inhibitory activity. Its biochemical and biological properties have been extensively studied and its crystallographic structure has been resolved at 1.34 A (refs 15, 16). Lipocortins are a family of related proteins, which, it has been suggested, mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (for a review, see ref. 23). Some proteins of this group have been purified and the complementary DNA sequences of two human lipocortins are known. Lipocortins inhibit PLA2 in vitro, although their mechanism of action is still unclear. Recombinant lipocortin I inhibits eicosanoid synthesis in isolated perfused lungs from the guinea pig. Here, we report that synthetic oligopeptides corresponding to a region of high amino-acid sequence similarity between uteroglobin and lipocortin I have potent PLA2 inhibitory activity in vitro and striking anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.     

Molecular cloning and complete amino-acid sequence of form-I phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

We report the molecular cloning and sequence of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), an enzyme that is of particular interest because of its central role in cell signal transduction. The signals in question are those delivered by hormones to their cell-surface receptors that activate PI-PLC by means of a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Activation of the enzyme leads to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to two second messengers, 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the second of which ultimately mobilizes internal pools of calcium. There are at least five PI-PLC isoenzymes, whose differences in structure and function are unknown. We have focused on isoenzyme I, which we have recently purified and characterized from guinea pig uterus. We have now determined the sequence of a full length complementary DNA of this isoenzyme from the rat. Although the sequence has little similarity with the only other sequenced PI-PLC isoenzyme, it has a surprising degree of similarity to thioredoxins, protein co-factors in thiol-dependent redox reactions.     

线虫DNA序列沿染色体进化的非均匀性

选择了四个信息参量来刻画核酸序列的进化水平,研究线虫染色体全序列、基因序列和基因间序列的进化水平沿染色体的非均匀分布规律.结果显示各类序列的进化水平沿常染色体呈现明显的非均匀性和规律性.进化水平高的序列分布在染色体的两端,是进化活跃区,进化水平低的序列,分布在染色体的中部,是进化保守区;基因序列和基因间序列是协同进化的,在染色体上具有相同的分布规律;Ⅳ号染色体显示出了染色体形成的拼接模式,由此推断常染色体的形成与进化过程是先以一个进化保守序列为核序列,在其两端拼接其它的序列,通过序列间的协调和融合使之逐渐走向成熟;整个X染色体具有稳定的进化水平,进化模式与常染色体不同.     

Sequence similarity between the mammalian bmi-1 proto-oncogene and the Drosophila regulatory genes Psc and Su(z)2

The bmi-1 proto-oncogene can be activated by Moloney murine leukaemia proviral insertions in E mu-myc transgenic mice. It encodes a highly conserved nuclear protein of 324 amino acids which belongs to a family of proteins containing a putative new zinc-finger. Another closely related member of this family is the mouse protein Mel-18. Here we report on the cloning and characterization of a homologous gene (D-bmi) from Drosophila melanogaster. Our analysis indicates that distinct domains of the mouse Bmi-1 protein, including the putative zinc-finger motif, are highly conserved within the much larger D-Bmi protein. Chromosomal localization and sequence comparison reveal that D-bmi is identical to Posterior Sex Combs (Psc) and indicate that the conserved domains between mouse bmi and Psc are also conserved within Suppressor-2 of Zeste (Su(z)2).     

HCVC基因真核表达重组体的构建

丙型肝炎病毒是丙型肝炎的病原体,对该病毒的研究已取得了很大的进展。但是在丙型肝炎的发病机理、防治研究上仍存在着许多困难,主要原因是缺乏理想的丙型肝     

High-resolution (1.5 A) crystal structure of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus

Both the phosphatidylinositol-hydrolysing and the phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipases C have been implicated in the generation of second messengers in mammalian cells. The phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase C (PLC) from Bacillus cereus, a monomeric protein containing 245 amino-acid residues, is similar to some of the corresponding mammalian proteins. This, together with the fact that the bacterial enzyme can mimic the action of mammalian PLC in causing, for example, enhanced prostaglandin biosynthesis, suggests that B. cereus PLC can be used as a model for the hitherto poorly characterized mammalian PLCs. We report here the three-dimensional structure of B. cereus PLC at 1.5 A resolution. The enzyme is an all-helix protein belonging to a novel structural class and contains, at least in the crystalline state, three Zn2+ in the active site. We also present preliminary results from a study at 1.9 A resolution of the complex between PLC and inorganic phosphate (Pi) which indicate that the substrate binds directly to the metal ions.     

Induction of the proteolytic activity of a membrane protein in Plasmodium falciparum by phosphatidyl inositol-specific phospholipase C

Membrane anchoring of proteins by a covalently attached glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol moiety has been reported in many different eukaryotic cells including parasite protozoa. The diversity of proteins in which this phospholipid attachment is found suggests that it is functionally important and perhaps also functionally pleiotropic. Studies on the Thy-1 antigen of murine lymphocytes indicate that it can facilitate the lateral mobility of membrane proteins. It can also permit the rapid and specific release of the anchored proteins from the membrane following cleavage by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Here we show that this type of anchoring may be involved in the regulation of an enzymatic activity. PI-PLC releases a Plasmodium falciparum membrane protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 76K (p76) from intact merozoites or isolated schizont membranes and induces a proteolytic activity associated with its soluble form. Endogenous activation of the proteolytic activity of p76 appears to occur at the end of the schizogony and could initiate a cascade of biochemical events associated with merozoite maturation.     

变温工况下甲烷对SNCR脱硝性能的影响

为了解燃煤锅炉变温条件下甲烷对选择性非催化还原(selective non-catalytic reduction, SNCR)方法脱硝性能的影响,考察了4种化学反应模型的适用性,在此基础上,选择了能较好反映出低温、长停留时间下SNCR效果的AA模型,计算了变温工况下不同甲烷喷入量对NO脱除效率的影响.结果表明,喷入RCH4(CH4与NO的体积分数之比)=0.5～2.0的甲烷可显著降低SNCR过程中NO与NH3发生反应的温度,提高NO脱除效率;考虑到CH4和CO的不完全燃烧, RCH4=0.5是较适宜的甲烷添加比例,过高CH4喷入量将导致CO排放增加,成为限制NO脱除效率的瓶颈.     

Activation of the beta 1 isozyme of phospholipase C by alpha subunits of the Gq class of G proteins.

Many hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors, on binding to G protein-coupled receptors or receptors possessing tyrosine kinase activity, increase intracellular levels of the second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol. This is due to activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase(s) C (PLC), the isozymes of which are classified into groups, alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The beta, gamma and delta groups themselves contain PLC isozymes which have both common and unique structural domains. Only the gamma 1 isozyme has been implicated in a signal transduction mechanism. This involves association with, and tyrosine phosphorylation by, the ligand-bound epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, probably by means of the PLC-gamma 1-specific src homology (SH2) domain. Because EGF receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 stimulates catalytic activity in vitro and G proteins have been implicated in the activation of PLC, we investigated which PLC isozymes are subject to G protein regulation. We have purified an activated G protein alpha subunit that stimulates partially purified phospholipase C and now report that this G protein specifically activates the beta 1 isozyme, but not the gamma 1 and delta 1 isozymes of phospholipase C. We also show that this protein is related to the Gq class of G protein alpha subunits.     

Subunits beta gamma of heterotrimeric G protein activate beta 2 isoform of phospholipase C.

The activation of heterotrimeric G proteins results in the exchange of GDP bound to the alpha-subunit for GTP and the subsequent dissociation of a complex of the beta- and gamma-subunits (G beta gamma). The alpha-subunits of different G proteins interact with a variety of effectors, but less is known about the function of the free G beta gamma complex. G beta gamma has been implicated in the activation of a cardiac potassium channel, a retinal phospholipase A2 (ref. 9) and a specific receptor kinase, and in vitro reconstitution experiments indicate that the G beta gamma complex can act with G alpha subunit to modulate the activity of different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase. Of two phospholipase activities that can be separated in extracts of HL-60 cells, purified G beta gamma is found to activate one of them. Here we report that in co-transfection assays G beta gamma subunits specifically activate the beta 2 and not the beta 1 isoform of phospholipase, which acts on phosphatidylinositol. We use transfection assays to show also that receptor-mediated release of G beta gamma from G proteins that are sensitive to pertussis toxin can result in activation of the phospholipase. This effect may be the basis of the pertussis-toxin-sensitive phospholipase C activation seen in some cell systems (reviewed in refs 13 and 14).     

Preparation and characterization of SiO2 non-catalytic nucleation coating for the solidification of undercooled melt

SiO2 non-catalytic nucleation films were coated onto a ceramic substrate and the inner surface of a ceramic crucible by the Sol-Gel method. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized with an atomic force microscope and a scanning electronic microscope. The non-catalytic effect of the coating on the heterogeneous nucleation of metal melts was tested through measuring the nucleation undercooling. Investigation results indicated that the prepared coating could act as a baffle-wall to prevent the metal melt from nucleating heterogeneously on the inner surface of the crystalline crucible. The tiny holes with a diameter below 2 μm and heaves on the coating surface have no evident effect on the undercooling of metal melts. For a poly-layer coating, the super-layer can cover the cracks in the sub-layers, which prevents the cracks in the coating from spreading in the direction vertical to the coating layers and thus eliminates the effect of cracks on the coating.     

Weber-Fechner空间相似分解模型的研究

基于韦伯-费赫涅尔(Weber-Fechner)定律,结合图像空间向量分解方法,通过空间向量结构相似性的分析和考察,确定韦伯-费赫涅尔定律的空间相似分解模型,进而考察图像质量的度量方法.实验结果表明,这一空间模型与主观视觉感受进一步吻合,降低了图像质量评价方法的复杂度和不确定性,有利于新的图像质量评价方法的建立.     

用相似原理计算盒形拉深件展开尺寸

根据拉深件毛坯尺寸计算的面积相等原理和相似原理，推导出盒形拉深件展开尺寸计算公式，经生产实际应用，完全能够满足此类零件的拉深后尺寸要求，具有一定的实用价值。