BNi-2真空钎焊不锈钢钎缝的相变规律研究

用差热分析、电子探针和金相分析等方法对用BNi 2钎料真空钎焊不锈钢 (1Cr1 8Ni9Ti)钎缝的相变规律进行了研究 ,并以Fick第二扩散定律为基础 ,对钎焊过程中硼元素的扩散系数进行了计算。研究结果表明 ,硼是影响钎缝组织和重熔温度的主要元素 ,延长钎焊时间或进行焊后扩散处理可以大大改善钎缝的综合性能。通过理论计算得出了在规定钎焊工艺条件下钎缝中不出现低熔化合物相的临界钎焊间隙与焊接时间的关系式 ,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好 ,计算精度优于 6%。     

不锈钢接头的宽间隙真空钎焊

采用先在钎缝间隙中预填合金粉,然后在钎缝外置放钎料进行钎焊的方法,解决了不锈钢接头间隙的钎问题。当钎缝内预填３１６粉（或１Ｃｒ１８ＮＭｉ９粉）及用ＢＮｉ－１ａ钎料钎焊时,预填粉不溶化,焊后保持原来的形状。钎焙的硼沿晶界向预填粉中扩散,在晶界处与铁结合形成Ｆｅ２Ｂ,钎料获得固溶体组织。用ＢＮｉ－１ａ钎料钎焊钎缝内预填３１６粉时,钎缝强度高达５０４．７ＭＰａ。用ＢＮｉ－５钎料钎焊钎缝内预填３１６粉时,     

不锈钢接头的宽间隙真空钎焊

采用先在钎缝间隙中预填合金粉,然后在钎缝外置放钎料进行钎焊的方法,解决不锈钢接头宽间隙的钎焊问题.当钎缝内预填３１６粉（或１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９粉）及用ＢＮｉ－１ａ（或ＢＮｉ－２）钎料钎焊时,预填粉不熔化,焊后保持原来的形状。钎料中的硼沿晶界向预填粉中扩散,在晶界处与铁结合形成Ｆｅ２Ｂ,钎料获得固溶体组织。用ＢＮｉ－１ａ钎料钎焊钎缝内预填３１６粉时,钎绀缝强度高达５０４．７ＭＰａ。用ＢＮｉ－５钎料钎焊针缝内预填３１６粉时,针缝组织内的固溶体相中夹带少量的化合物相,钎缝的重熔温度高达１３２５℃。对同一种钎料而言,宽间隙针缝的抗拉强度与重熔温度有较好的对应性,即重熔温度高,抗拉强度也高。     

Ag—CdO触头与Cu触桥感应钎焊工艺研究

对ＡｇＣｄＯ触头与Ｃｕ触桥的感应钎焊工艺进行了系统的研究．分析了钎焊温度、保温时间、钎焊间隙对钎着率、组织形态和力学性能的影响规律，并确定了钎着率和组织形态均为良好的最佳工艺规范．通过分析表明：钎料中锌元素烧损是钎缝生成共晶体组织的本质所在；触头的钎焊强度不仅与钎着率有关，而且还受钎缝组织形态的影响，即当钎着率在７５％以上时，触头钎焊强度随钎缝中共晶体组织的增加而降低．因而应从钎着率和组织形态两方面综合考核触头的钎焊质量．     

快冷与普通Al-Cu钎料Cu元素扩散能力的比较

利用快速凝固技术和传统铸造技术分别制备出成分相同的Al-Cu快冷钎料薄带和普通钎料.将2种钎料在4种钎焊温度(590、600、610、620℃)和4种保温时间(5、10、15、20 min)下与纯铝进行真空钎焊,借助差热分析(DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X衍射(XRD)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)对2种钎料的熔点、钎缝微观组织和Cu元素的扩散行为进行了研究.研究结果表明:快冷钎料元素分布均匀,晶粒细小,晶粒形态为胞状,而普通钎料成分有偏析,元素分布不均匀,且晶粒大小不一,晶粒形态多为枝晶;快冷钎料的熔点比普通钎料的熔点低3.0℃,结晶区间缩小1.2℃.在相同的钎焊条件下,快冷钎料Cu元素的扩散能力均比普通钎料的扩散能力强.钎焊温度较低时,普通钎料和快冷钎料的Cu元素的扩散能力差别较大;随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,两者的差别减小.     

非晶态合金钎料真空钎焊接头组织研究

研究了铜的添加对Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｂ－Ｓｉ系非晶态箔状合金钎料真空钎焊１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ母材的钎缝的组织特征和临界钎焊间隙（ＣＢＣ）值的影响规律,并与相同成分的晶态粉状钎料进行了对比．结果表明：在钎焊工艺规范确定的情况下,随着钎料中铜的质量分数的增大,钎缝中固溶体含量增加,脆性相厚度减小,钎焊接头的ＣＢＣ值增大;非晶态钎料钎焊接头中的元素和组织分布比较均匀,其ＣＢＣ值较晶态的大．     

真空钎焊不锈钢接头的钎缝组织和相组成特征

用金相试验、Ｘ射线衍射物相分析和电子探针分析方法,系统地研究了４种镍基钎料钎焊１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ的钎缝组织特征和相组成及其随热处理时间的变化规律。研究结果表明,用ＢＮｉ１ａ和ＢＮｉ２钎料钎焊（１１２０℃,１０ｍｉｎ）的缝宽为０．１０ｍｍ的钎缝由αＮｉ、Ｎｉ５Ｓｉ２,ＣｒＢ和Ｆｅ４．５Ｎｉ１８．５Ｂ６组成,近缝区扩散层由αＦｅ,γＦｅ和Ｆｅ２Ｂ组成。用ＢＮｉ５钎料钎焊（１１７５℃,１０ｍｉｎ）的缝宽为０．０５ｍｍ的钎缝由αＮｉ,Ｎｉ５Ｓｉ２和Ｎｉ１６Ｃｒ６Ｓｉ７组成。用ＢＮｉ７钎料钎焊（１０５０℃,１０ｍｉｎ）的缝宽为０．０５ｍｍ的钎缝由αＮｉ,Ｎｉ２Ｐ和（Ｆｅ,Ｎｉ）３Ｐ组成。     

快速凝固Al-Cu钎料钎焊铝Cu对钎缝组织的影响

研究了快速凝固钎料中Cu元素在铝合金基体中的扩散现象和机制.采用快速凝固的方法制备出了Al-Cu合金的薄带,用差热分析法(DTA)测量了钎料熔点.根据熔点利用真空钎焊用Al-Cu钎料焊接纯铝,然后使用扫描电镜和能谱分析仪分析了焊缝的显微组织,对Cu元素的扩散现象进行观察,并分析了Cu的扩散行为.实验结果表明,由于快冷钎料组织均匀,表面能高,因此熔点比普通钎料低,且熔化区间窄.随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Cu的扩散效果越来越好;在同一温度下钎焊时,快冷钎料中Cu的扩散能力明显强于普通钎料.     

真空钎焊不锈钢接头的钎缝组织和相组成特征

用金相试验,Ｘ射线衍射物相分析和电子探针分析方法,系统地研究了４种镍基钎料钎焊１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ的钎缝组织特征和相组成及其随热处理时间的变化规律,研究结果表明,用ＢＮｉ－１ａ和ＢＮｉ－２钎料钎料（１１２０℃,１０ｍｉｎ）的缝宽为０．１０ｍｍ的钎缝由αＮｉ５Ｓｉ２,ＣｒＢ和Ｆｅ４．５Ｎｉ１８．５Ｂ６组成,近缝区扩散层由α－Ｆｅ,γ－Ｆｅ和Ｆｅ２Ｂ组成,用ＢＮｉ－５钎料钎焊（１１７５℃,１０ｍｉｎ）     

真空钎焊不锈钢接头重熔温度的研究

利用金相试验和差热分析方法,系统地研究了用镍基钎料钎焊１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ时钎缝的重熔温度随钎焊工艺变化的规律。研究结果表明,熔化钎料与母材间的相互扩散是影响钎缝重熔温度的主要因素。当通过扩散使钎缝组织变成纯固溶体时,钎缝的重熔温度将大幅度提高。ＢＮｉ１ａ、ＢＮｉ２和ＢＮｉ５钎缝的重熔温度可分别提高到１２３５℃,１２３０℃和１３９７℃。ＢＮｉ７钎缝的重熔温度提高幅度较小,在试验条件下仅提高到９４５℃     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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