风险态度对建筑工程项目投标均衡策略的影响及对策

针对建筑工程项目招标市场上投标人超低报价中标现象,在现有的最低价格密封报价招标的理论模型基础上,考虑投标人风险态度因素,运用不完全信息博弈理论给出了投标人均衡报价函数.通过对均衡策略特性的研究得到风险态度不同可能导致成本较高的承包商中标.提出利用多属性拍卖模型解决低价中标带来的低效问题,研究了该模型下投标人的最优投标策略.通过算例给出了采用多属性拍卖机制的某工程项目招投标及评分过程,分析了模型参数对均衡结果的影响.研究表明,多属性招投标中,投标人根据成本参数和属性权重先确定非价格属性值后再决定报价,同时由于减少合同的不确定性,使得投标人偏向风险中性,并且有效改变了低价中标现象.     

工程量清单报价、投标应注意的问题

工程量清单报价是指投标人根据招标人发出的工程量清单的报价。工程量清单报价价款应包括按照招标文件规定,完成清单所列项目的全部费用。工程造价应在政府宏观调控下,由市场竞争形成。在这一原则指导下,投标人的报价应在满足招标文件要求的前提下实行人工、材料、机械台班消耗量自定,价格费用自选、全面竞争、自主报价的方式。     

政府投资项目中的不完全信息静态博弈模型分析

针对投标企业采取不平衡报价的投标策略,从政府的角度出发,运用不完全信息静态博弈模型理论来探索政府的最优策略.研究结果表明,政府投资项目避免不平衡报价招标的最优策略应为最大限度地吸引合格投标人参与竞标,并建立一种使不平衡报价受损、平衡报价受益的正外部效应机制.     

基于博弈论的联合投标策略探讨

传统报价策略均是从企业自身状况、招标、评标的规则及业主所提出的具体要求出发,从而制订最终的投标报价,本文在比较传统报价德的优缺点上,结合博弈论基础,对投标人参加联合体的博弈进行了分析,提出了联合投标策略,具有一定的现实和借鉴意义。     

对《工程量清单计价规范》的探讨

工程量清单计价方法,是建设工程招标投标中,招标人或招标人委托具有资质的中介机构编制反映工程实体消耗和措施消耗的工程量清单,并作为招标文件的一部分提供给投标人,由投标人依据工程量清单,结合企业自身情况,自主报价的计价方式。它有效保证了投标人竞争基础的一致性,减少了投标人偶然工程量计算误差造成的投标失败。这种计价方法有助于形成＂企业自主报价,市场竞争形成价格＂的建筑市场,体现公开、公平、公正的竞争原则。     

现行建筑工程低价中标情况下博弈论在投标报价中的应用

在现行建筑工程招投标中,低价中标是最常见的模式,因此,工程招标过程也成为了投标人博弈的过程.本文研究在低价中标情况下,从一个建设工程投标实例出发,结合目前建设工程招投标领域的现状,分析当前投标报价的主要问题.结合目前流行的博弈拍卖理论,选择合适的分析工具应用于建设工程投招标活动.     

基于博弈论的投标报价决策模型的研究

投标报价是投标的一个重要环节,其高低不仅影响到投标人能否中标,还影响到投标人中标后的利润。本文在对投标报价的博弈行为进行分析的基础上,运用博弈论建立了基于综合评标价法的投标报价决策模型,并通过实证分析对该模型进行论证。     

投标决策模型在无标底招标中的应用

对于无标底招标工程,投标的核心是报价．因此,如何确定恰当的投标报价是每位投标人进行报价决策的关键．本文运用蒙特卡罗方法将各单位的最终报价模拟出来。根据招标文件中评分细则的规定就可以获得较有竞争力的报价．将蒙特卡罗模拟引入投标概率分析,改进了以往的概率计算模型,使得计算模型更加符合实际情况,应用更加方便．     

深入开展工程量清单计价

工程量清单报价是国际上普遍采用的工程施工招标方式,已有很多年的历史,随着建筑业的逐步深入,建筑市场的日益完善,建设工程的承发包主要通过招投标来实现,建筑企业通过投标竞争取得施工任务。《招投标法》也明确规定了工程量清单是招标文件的组成部分,即招标文件应提供工程量清单,投标人根据工程量清单进行报价,其目的是为了规范招标人和投标人在招标投标中的行为,创造公平有序的市场竞争环境。     

医疗器械一次性密封招标的博弈模型

应用博弈论的方法建立医疗器械一次性密封招标采购中的博弈模型.分析了采购方与供应商、供应商与供应商之间的博弈策略和报价模型,并讨论了采购方获得最大利益在参与方数量问题.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with