Cloning and characterization of rice RH3 gene induced by brown planthopper

Histones are basic low molecular weight proteins found in all eukaryotic genomes. The histones include five classes of basic proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) that interact with each other and nuclear DNA to form the nucleosome. The H3 and H4 histone proteins are highly conserved and form the central tetrameric block of the core-nucleosome. Histone H3 has several post-transcrip- tional modifications such as methylation, acetylation, phosphonation, and ADP-ribosylation and it plays impor…     

In situ localization of calmodulin mRNA in the developing tobacco anthers

The temporal and spatial expression patterns of calmodulin mRNA in the developing tobacco anthers were investigated by in situ RNA hybridization, using digoxigening-labeled anti-RNA probe. Calmodulin mRNA was distributed in various developmental stages of tobacco anthers, but the expression level had temporal and spatial differences distinctly. During early stage of anther development, the expression level of calmodulin mRNA was significantly high, mainly distributed in epidermis, tapetum and transfusion parenchyma cells and so on. Especially, more mRNA was accumulated in the nuclei and chromosomes of microspore mother cells prior to and during meiosis. With the development of anther, mRNA was decreased gradually in the anther wall and pollen. By mature pollen stage, only a stronger positive reaction still existed in the epidermis of anther wall and transfusion parenchyma cells. The results suggest that the temporal and spatial expression of calmodulin mRNA is closely correlated with cell division, pollen development and substance transport.     

Mapping of a new gene for brown planthopper resistance in cultivated rice introgressed fromOryza eichingeri

Wild rice species is an important source of useful genes for cultivated rice improvement. Some accessions of Oryza eichingeri (2n = 24, CC) from Africa confer strong resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) and bacterial blight (BB). In the present study, restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis were performed on disomic backcross plants between Oryza sativa (2n = 24, AA) and O. eichingeri in order to identify the presence of O. eichingeri segments and further to localize BPH-resistant gene. In the introgression lines, 1—6 O. eichingeri segments were detected on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 6, or/and 10. The dominant BPH resistant gene, tentatively named Bph13(t), was mapped to chromosome 2, being 6.1 and 5.5 cM away from two microsatellite markers RM240 and RM250, respectively. The transfer and localization of this gene from O. eichingeri will contribute to the improvement of BPH resistance in cultivated rice.     

Expression and inhibitory activity analysis of a 25-kD Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor in rice

Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors (BBI), belonging to serine protease inhibitors, are well-studied storage and defense proteins widely existing in both dicoty- ledonous and monocotyledonous plants[1―3]. In dicoty- ledonous plants, the BBIs are about 8-kD p…     

Involvement of Jasmonate-signaling pathway in the herbivore-induced rice plant defense

The expression patterns of eight defense- related genes in the herbivore-infested and jasmonate- treated (jasmonic acid, JA and its derivative MeJA) rice leaves were analyzed using RT-PCR. The results showed that Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) herbi-vory induced the expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and al-lene oxide synthase (AOS) genes that are involved in the jasmonate-signaling pathway. Moreover, S. litura damage resulted in the expression of farnesyl pyrophosphate syn-thase (FPS), Bowman-birk proteinase inhibitor (BBPI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and other rice defense- related genes that were also induced by aqueous JA treat-ment or gaseous MeJA treatment. These indicated that in rice leaves, the JA-related signaling pathway was involved in the S. litura-induced chemical defense. Mechanical damage and brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (St錶) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) damage induced the expression of LOX gene, but both treatments did not induce the expression of AOS gene. However, BPH damage induced the expression of acidic pathogen-related protein 1 (PR-1a), Chitinase (PR-3), and PAL genes, which is involved in the salicylate- signaling pathway. It was suggested that salicylate-related signaling pathway or other pathways, rather than jas-monate-signaling pathway was involved in the BPH-induced rice plant defense.     

Role of ethylene signaling in the production of rice volatiles induced by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

In response to herbivory, plants release volatiles to attract the natural enemies of herbivores[1,2]. This phe- nomenon has been reported in more than 23 plant spe- cies[3―6], and several field studies have shown that these herbivore-induced volatiles en…     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

芪丹颗粒剂对肺纤维化鼠I型前胶原和III型前胶原mRNA表达的影响

观察芪丹颗粒对博莱霉素致肺纤维化鼠的I型前胶原和III型前胶原mRNA表达的影响,探讨其作用机制。用160只SD大鼠按随机区组设计分为对照组(N)、模型组(M)、芪丹颗粒剂1组和2组(Q1、Q2)、氢化可的松1组和2组(H1、H2)共6组。对照组20只气管内灌注和灌胃均用生理盐水。余140只SD大鼠经气管内一次性灌注博莱霉素A5按BLM5mg·kg-1体重诱导大鼠肺间质纤维化,随机取40只为模型组。芪丹1组和氢可1组分别从造模后第2天灌注芪丹颗粒剂(3125mg/kg)和腹腔注射氢化可的松(25mg/kg),药物干预后第7、14、28天分别处死动物。芪丹2组和氢可2组分别从造模14天后灌注芪丹颗粒剂和腹腔注射氢化可的松(用量同前),2组动物第28、42天分别处死。用苏木素-伊红(HE)评价肺组织病理学变化和原位杂交方法检测各组大鼠肺I型和III型前胶原mRNA表达。肺组织病理HE染色显示芪丹组肺泡炎及肺纤维化程度均明显轻于模型组和氢可组(P<0.05)。在肺间质纤维化形成中,I型和III型前胶原mRNA表达呈动态变化,早期肺泡炎以III型前胶原mRNA大量增生为主,晚期纤维化期以I型前胶原mRNA增生为主。芪丹组III型前胶原mRNA的表达在第14天处于最高,至28天仍维持较高的水平,芪丹组III型前胶原mRNA的表达高于模型组和氢可组(P<0.05)。I型前胶原mRNA的表达在28天时芪丹1组和氢可1组及芪丹2组和氢可2组组间均有显著性差异,但在42天时,芪丹2组与氢化可的松2组其表达无显著差异(P<0.05)。大鼠肺纤维化的早期以III型前胶原mRNA的表达为主,晚期纤维化期以I型前胶原mRNA的大量表达为主。芪丹颗粒可减轻博莱要素诱导大鼠肺泡炎及肺纤维化的程度,其机制可能通过影响了I型和III型前胶原mRNA的代谢和表达,从而减慢肺间质纤维化的进程。芪丹颗粒对肺间质纤维化有治疗作用,且优于氢化可的松。