核反应堆控制棒水压驱动技术

介绍了控制棒水压驱动系统的技术方案、工作原理、技术效果和安全特性。在对清华大学发明的水力驱动控制棒系统深入研究的基础上,结合商用压水堆磁力提升器的优点,开发一种新型内置式控制棒驱动技术。该驱动技术解决了磁力提升器把驱动机构置于核反应堆压力壳外的缺点,但保留了抓式机构驱动的优点;解决了水力驱动控制棒系统动压驱动因工况变化而引起的驱动特性的复杂性的缺点,继承了内置式控制棒驱动机构不贯穿压力壳、传动线短、避免了弹棒事故等优点。该驱动技术主要应用于一体化布置核反应堆,可以推广到其他研究堆。     

控制棒水力驱动系统在摇摆工况下的运行特性

通过由控制棒水力驱动系统实验本体、六自由度船舶运动模拟器及测量与控制系统组成的实验装置，进行了实验本体随模拟器摇摆时控制棒的步升、步降及全程快速落棒实验，还进行了实验本体横倾４５°静态下的快速落棒实验，取得了一系列实验数据。实验结果表明：控制棒水力驱动系统在摇摆角达３５°，周期为１０ｓ时仍具有良好的运行可靠性和固有安全性；在横倾４５°时仍能靠重力顺利落棒。因而该系统经过适当改进后可以满足摇摆工况下要求，为该系统应用于船用核动力堆提供了实验依据。     

不同流速下电磁驱动控制棒的落棒特性

控制棒的落棒在反应堆控制中是一个十分重要的方面,尤其是落棒时间这个参数。因此,进行了可移动线圈电磁驱动控制棒机构在不同流速下的快速落棒实验;用VC编写的软件控制了实验过程并记录了实验数据;分析了快速落棒实验的数据;得到了各种工况的落棒时间,此外还分析了造成落棒时间差异的原因。结果表明:在额定工况下,落棒时间小于1s;可移动线圈电磁驱动机构的快速落棒性能完全符合研究堆运行的设计要求。     

压水堆核电厂控制棒寿命分析

核电厂控制棒组件在反应堆堆芯承担功率调整和安全停堆重要功能.良好状态下的控制棒组件是核电厂安全运行的基本保障.近年来,国内外核电厂控制棒组件落棒试验超差,卡棒和破损等事件时有发生,严重影响到了反应堆安全和电厂可靠性.国内核电厂控制棒运行经验少,且没有控制棒更换的相关法规或标准,这使得对控制棒寿命分析尤为重要.该文通过对压水堆核电厂控制棒在反应堆运行过程中的主要缺陷分析,以及对控制棒在各循环棒价值测量数据分析,提出了压水堆核电厂控制棒使用寿命建议.     

基于新型控制棒驱动机构的反应堆功率控制

控制棒驱动机构是核反应堆中的重要机械设备,是反应堆和系统保护的组成部分,承担了控制反应堆的启动、功率调节、停堆等工作.为了研究基于新型伺服活塞式水力驱动机构的核反应堆功率控制问题,对新型伺服活塞控制棒驱动机构进行数学建模,进而建立了具有温度反馈效应的核反应堆功率控制系统(Nuclear Reactor Power Control System,简称NRPCS)的状态空间模型.采用鲁棒H∞控制方法设计了NRPCS的状态反馈控制器.用Simulink进行仿真,验证了控制系统的可行性和鲁棒性.     

水力驱动安全棒的运动分析

水力驱动安全棒结构简单 ,具有良好的固有安全性、运行可靠性和经济性。该文从水力学角度出发分析了安全棒水力驱动系统的驱动原理 ,提出了安全棒水力驱动计算模型 ,推导了提棒速度和落棒速度的计算公式 ,通过实例计算分析了提棒和落棒位移 -时间曲线、活塞与驱动缸间隙 -提棒和落棒时间曲线、阀门阻力系数 -提棒和落棒时间曲线。计算结果表明 ,这种水力驱动安全棒提棒缓、落棒快、速度可调 ,满足反应堆安全棒的设计要求     

水力驱动控制棒的失重和超重工况运动特性

针对将水力驱动控制棒系统应用于可移动海水淡化装置时可能会遇到的失重、超重等问题,该文模拟装置以不同方式变速上升或下降较大距离,建立理论模型分析控制棒的运动特性。通过对计算结果进行分析,得出不同温度、流量下水力驱动控制棒系统不出现异常提棒现象的临界加速度。结果表明,对于200MW低温核供热堆装置,可移动海水淡化装置的上升和下降加速度均应小于0.112g。     

导向管连接螺栓开孔后的控制棒落棒缓冲计算

该文研究了导向管连接螺栓开孔后,对控制棒的落棒缓冲过程的影响.该文计算了冷、热态条件下控制棒落棒缓冲过程的速度、时间和压差的变化,并对控制棒落棒时导向管受撞击时产生的应力进行分析,验证了导向管连接螺栓开孔后的控制棒缓冲段仍满足设计要求.     

导向管底部泄流孔水力损失计算分析

核燃料组件导向管底部泄流孔的水力损失系数对控制棒落棒时间和落棒速度有着重要影响。在落棒问题分析中,能否采用叠加理论计算泄流孔的水力损失,必须进行具体分析和论证。采用CFD方法对"突缩-突扩"型和"突缩-突缩"型两类四种泄流孔在不同流速下的水力损失进行了数值模拟计算,并与理论计算结果进行了对比。计算结果表明,对于流道内未充分发展的流动,理论计算结果与数值模拟计算结果存在一定差异。     

一体化水堆内置式控制棒水压驱动技术研究

安全性和经济性满足较小功率用户需求的小型核反应堆为近年来的研究热点,一体化布置水冷反应堆为小型核反应堆的主要堆型之一。核反应堆控制棒驱动机构是反应堆最关键的安全设备,担负着反应堆的启动、功率调节及停堆等重要功能。该文给出一种应用于一体化布置水冷反应堆的内置式控制棒水压驱动技术,包括功率小于50 MW的A型和热功率50～300 MW的B型2种整体设计方案、部件组成、主要功能和性能等工程研究和应用。为一体化水堆提供了完整的内置式控制棒驱动线,包括其部件组成、联接结构、固定方式和功能;降低了反应堆高度;避免了弹棒事故,增强了反应堆安全性;使一体化布置反应堆更加紧凑、体积小、自然循环能力加强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.