剪胀角对静压桩挤土效应的影响分析

采用数值方法模拟和计算了不同剪胀角情况下的静压桩挤土效应,分析了土的剪胀性对沉桩挤土位移场和应力场的影响,讨论了相关联流动法则(φ=Ψ)和非相关联流动法则(Ψ=0)在运用于沉桩挤土效应上的差异。通过算例分析表明,沉桩挤土的位移场和应力场的影响范围随剪胀角的增大而增大。     

基于SMP破坏准则的柱形孔扩张问题理论分析

考虑土的应变软化特性．采用应力跌落的简化应力-应变模型．并用简化的体积应变ε,与大主应变ε1及小主应变ε3与ε1之间的相互关系反映土的剪胀特性,利用空间准滑动面（SMP）理论和平面应变轴对称问题的柱形孔扩张基本方程,通过推导确定了无黏性土中柱形孔扩张问题的应力场、应变场、位移场、塑性区半径和孔扩张压力．通过算例分析,探讨了土的剪胀性和软化特性对孔扩张问题的影响．通过与基于Mohr—Coulomb破坏准则的解答进行对比分析,探讨了孔扩张问题中的中主应力效应．计算与分析表明,土的剪胀性和软化特性及中主应力对孔扩张（极限扩孔压力与塑性区半径）具有显著影响．基于Mohr—Coulomb破坏准则的解答往往偏于保守．     

基于摩尔库伦准则考虑渗流影响的孔扩张理论

通过球对称问题的应变协调方程、渗流理论、统一强度准则和相关联流动法则分析了球孔扩张问题.首先,根据渗流理论推导出了球对称状态下的球孔扩张的超孔隙水压力分布公式,确定了考虑渗流影响的球形孔扩张问题的应力场、应变场和位移场的基本公式.利用位移公式,结合塑性区球孔孔壁位移,推导了球孔初始半径a0,扩孔半径a和对应的塑性区半径rp三者的理论关系式.利用该关系式和其他相关公式给出了求解球孔扩张问题的具体求解方法.通过该方法求得具体问题的应力场、应变场和位移场.总之,通过扩孔压力p、初始孔径a0和扩孔孔径a这三者中的任意两者可求得具体问题的扩孔压力、应力场和位移场等.最后分析了一个计算实例的主要参量、应力场、位移场.     

土体内柱形孔扩张问题的一般解及剪胀角的影响分析

根据土塑性力学的基本原理,在考虑材料剪胀性的情况下,解得了土体内柱形孔扩张时塑性区范围大小的理论计算公式,进而得到了柱形孔扩张时引起周围土体内塑性区和弹性区应力场和位移场的解析解。研究了剪胀角ψ对弹塑性交界处半径R的影响并给出了剪胀角的测试方法。通过算例研究发现,弹塑性交界处半径R随着剪胀角ψ的增大而逐渐减小,塑性区平均体积应变却随着剪胀角ψ的增大而增大。     

基于统一强度准则的柱孔扩张问题及扩孔孔径分析

通过轴对称问题的应变协调方程,利用统一强度准则和相关联流动法则分析了柱孔扩张问题.利用柱孔扩张问题的基本位移公式和塑性区孔口位移条件,推导了柱孔初始半径a0、扩孔半径a和对应的孔压p三者的理论关系式.通过此关系式和塑性区半径相关公式求得柱孔扩张问题的塑性区半径rp,进而求出相关扩孔问题的应力场、应变场和位移场.探讨了统一强度理论和土体的参数问题,并且通过算例分析,对柱孔扩张问题中的应力场和位移场的分布规律、塑性区半径和扩孔压力的变化规律进行了分析.     

三维应力状态下各向异性结构面的剪切特性

从地应力场中结构面的原型出发，考虑锯齿状结构面的空间起伏形态及其与三维应力场间的相互作用关系。通过理论分析获得了在侧向自由位移及约束位移两类不同，边界条件下三维应力场中结构面的实际滑移方向，剪切的各向异性剪胀特性（法向和侧向）及强度特性等表达式，以及侧向约束位移条件下约束应力的增量公式。最后利用实验结果进一步说明了结构面形态及三维应力场对其剪切力学特性的影响规律。     

接触面粗糙度对红黏土-混凝土接触面力学性质的影响

在混凝土试块上设计了粗糙度不同的表面,以该表面作为土-混凝土接触面,并采用灌砂法测定了接触面粗糙度。利用大型直剪试验仪对红黏土-混凝土试块接触面进行了剪切试验,定量分析接触面粗糙度对接触面抗剪强度参数、接触面剪应力-切向位移关系以及红黏土剪胀(缩)性的影响。研究结果表明:接触面粗糙度对红黏土-混凝土接触面的内摩擦角影响不大。在接触面粗糙度增大至临界粗糙度的过程中,接触面黏聚力随粗糙度的增大而增大,并逐渐趋近于红黏土自身的黏聚力。接触面粗糙度对剪应力-切向位移关系影响较大。接触面粗糙度对接触面上部土体的影响范围是有限的。该极限影响范围对应于临界粗糙度。当接触面粗糙度小于临界值时,接触面粗糙度越大,其对接触面上部土体的影响范围越大。当接触面粗糙度超过临界值,该影响范围不再变化。法向应力较低时,红黏土主要表现出剪胀性。接触面粗糙度对红黏土剪胀(缩)性影响不大。     

基于三剪应力统一强度理论的条形地基承载力计算

基于三剪应力统一强度理论，推导得到条形地基考虑侧向压力系数不为1、中间主剪应力及最小主剪应力影响时，地基临塑荷载和临界荷载精确理论计算公式，并对公式进行了退化分析，探讨了中间主剪应力影响系数b、最小主剪应力影响系数c和侧向压力系数k0对条形地基临塑荷载和临界荷载的影响规律。研究结果表明，临塑荷载和临界荷载随b、c的增大均非线性增大且增大的幅度逐渐减小，随k的减小而减小；Mohr-Coulomb理论解和双剪统一强度理论解均为三剪应力统一强度理论解的特例，三剪应力统一强度理论解考虑了地基土的真实侧向压力系数、中间主剪应力及最小主剪应力的影响，具有较广泛的适用性，可为实际工程提供一定的理论参考。     

基于广义SMP准则的线性软化柱形孔扩张分析

针对非脆性软化剪胀土中柱形孔扩张问题,将摩擦黏性土体损伤后的软化特性用材料的力学性能参数下降来描述,引入了损伤软化参数.同时考虑土体的剪胀与内摩擦角、黏聚力以及平均应力的相关性和软化特性对应力-剪胀关系的影响,采用了引进损伤软化参数的Rowe流动法则,并结合利用反映中间主应力效应的广义空间准滑动面理论和平面应变轴对称问题柱形孔扩张基本方程,推导并给出摩擦黏性土中大应变柱形孔扩张曲线的数值求解步骤.通过算例分析,将所得解与Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的解答进行了比较,研究了中主应力效应的特性,并且探讨了损伤软化参数、内摩擦角及黏聚力对极限扩孔压力、塑性区半径、塑性区应力场、平均剪胀等的影响.     

吸力对非饱和高液限黏土-土工织物界面剪切特性的影响

采用ZFY-1A型非饱和土应变控制式直剪仪,对非饱和高液限黏土-土工织物界面进行控制吸力的剪切试验,探讨基质吸力对筋土界面剪切特性的影响.研究结果表明,非饱和高液限黏土-土工织物界面的抗剪强度随着净法向应力、基质吸力的增大而不断提高,剪切位移-剪应力曲线表现出轻微的应变硬化软化特性.剪切过程中有水从试样中排出,净法向应力越大,含水量变化量Δwmax越大,基质吸力越大Δwmax反而越小.界面剪胀角随着基质吸力的增加而增大,随着净法向应力的增加而减小.界面强度随着平均界面剪胀角的增加而增大.最后确定了不同吸力值下的界面强度参数及强度公式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-