保加利亚乳杆菌的发酵特性及其在牦牛酸乳中的应用

为了筛选应用于牦牛酸乳发酵的乳杆菌,研究了8株野生乳杆菌在脱脂乳体系中的生长和产酸特性,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析单株发酵脱脂乳酸乳的挥发性风味组成,从中选取了4株既可快速产酸又能产生特色风味酸乳的乳杆菌,并结合感官分析评价单株发酵牦牛酸乳的挥发性风味特性。结果显示,风味喜好度高的牦牛酸乳含有较高的酯类、醛类物质,其中酯类质量比在9.82μg/kg左右,醛类物质质量比在174.64μg/kg左右；酸类、醚类、醇类物质含量在一定范围内处于较低水平,其中酸类物质质量比在366.51~495.84μg/kg,醚类物质质量比在5.05μg/kg及以下,醇类物质质量比在1.42μg/kg及以下。全脂牦牛乳凝乳时间长,在发酵过程中脂肪易被酯解生成膻味物质即中短链脂肪酸、部分酮类等；因此,产生较高含量的果香类物质如酯类、醛类和较低含量的膻味物质的发酵菌株将有助于提升牦牛酸乳的品质,在牦牛酸乳制品的生产中具有潜在应用价值。     

用于酸奶发酵剂的乳酸菌的分离及其产香特性

本文从市售酸奶中分离得到不同乳酸菌菌株，包括嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌，根据这些菌株使牛奶凝固的快慢，产生风味物质(乙醛)的多少，以及它们不同的搭配所产生的风味物质多少的不同，进行了筛选和优化组合，最后确定了两组菌种作为发酵剂，具有风味鲜明的优点。     

基于不同乳糖浓度的乳蛋白浓缩物发酵特性研究

利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌复合发酵剂对乳蛋白浓缩物(milk protein concentrate,MPC)进行发酵,研究了不同乳糖浓度下MPC的发酵特性。结果表明,乳糖浓度影响MPC发酵进入稳定期的时间与pH值,随着乳糖浓度的升高,MPC发酵物的最终pH值下降(pH值范围4.14~4.59);微流变学研究表明, 随乳糖浓度升高,MPC发酵物的宏观黏性因子减小,而固液平衡值和流动性指数增大;质构特性研究表明, MPC发酵物的持水力随乳糖浓度升高而逐渐升高,胶着性、弹性则呈现先增大后减小的趋势,而硬度、黏力不受影响;气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果显示,酸类化合物和酮类化合物是MPC发酵物中的主要挥发性物质,随乳糖浓度的增加,酸类化合物含量减少,而2,3-丁二酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮等乳糖代谢物的含量增加。本研究结果旨在为进一步了解MPC的发酵特性并拓宽MPC在不同发酵乳制品中的应用提供基础数据。     

白酒窖泥中乳酸菌分离鉴定及其发酵产挥发性风味物质比较

从白酒窖泥中分离得到11株乳酸菌,经16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,鉴定为1株短乳杆菌、1株鼠李糖乳杆菌、2株干酪乳杆菌和7株铅黄肠球菌。 分析了11株菌MRS培养基发酵产乳酸性能,结果表明:乳酸产量与菌群生长呈正相关,鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉、干酪乳杆菌L₁₀与L₁₁发酵液乳酸含量较高,分别为15.74、15.58、14.74g/L。4株代表菌相同条件下发酵高粱培养液产挥发性风味组分,共有物质13种,包含了白酒中重要香气成分:乙酸、己酸、乙酸苯乙酯和苯乙醇,且乙酸、己酸相对含量较高。各菌产可挥发性组分差异明显,相对含量较高的化合物种类为:短乳杆菌L₅产烷烃类化合物(27.91%),铅黄肠球菌L₈产醇类化合物(43.14%),鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉产酯类(7.35%)、酮类(3.61%)和吡嗪类(3.3%)化合物,干酪乳杆菌L₁₁产酸类(27.98%)和芳香类(5.96%)化合物。仅有短乳杆菌L₅产四甲基吡嗪,短乳杆菌L₅和铅黄肠球菌L₈可明显产乙醇,鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉和干酪乳杆菌L₁₁产3-羟基-2-丁酮。这些物质对白酒风味和口感有重要影响。研究显示,窖泥中各种乳酸菌特征不一,对白酒酿造有不同影响。本研究旨在为进一步挖掘白酒酿造功能微生物、拓展乳酸菌的应用提供理论依据。     

应用气-质联用技术检测新疆地方特色发酵乳制品开菲尔中挥发性风味物质的研究

采用顶空技术提取新疆地方特色发酵乳制品开菲尔中的挥发性风味物质,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对提取的挥发性风味物质进行分离鉴定,从新疆玛纳斯地区获得的开菲尔中分离鉴别出挥发性风味物质主要有6类,包括:醇类12种,酮、醛类物质有13种,酯类8种,有机酸类11种,呋喃类6种,其他类风味物质24种。其中糠醇、3-糠醛、十六酸乙酯、丁酸、己酸、辛酸、正癸酸等为优势风味物质,为今后研究新疆地方特色发酵乳制品开菲尔中的挥发性风味物质指纹图谱提供参考依据。与川西牧区传统发酵酸奶和赛里木原籍菌种发酵乳中的挥发性成分相比,本研究所用新疆地方特色发酵乳制品开菲尔中糠醇、3-糠醛为优势风味物质。     

葡萄酸奶的研制

随着生活水平的提高,人们对鲜奶制品的需求量越来越大。市场上花色鲜奶制品品种较少,已远远不能满足消费者的需求,为此,我们以鲜葡萄和鲜牛奶作为主要原料,利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为发酵剂,发酵制成具有独特风味,营养和保健价值较高的葡萄酸奶。1材料和方法1.1材料 鲜牛奶,鲜葡萄,白砂糖,嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌。1.2 设备 榨汁机,高压均质机,灭菌锅,无菌工作台。1.3工艺流程     

产乳酸链球菌素的乳酸乳球菌的等离子体诱变选育

采用产乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)的乳酸乳球菌为出发菌株,在含有高浓度Nisin的固体平板上,筛选出了耐受10 000IU/mL Nisin的乳酸乳球菌菌株,其发酵单位达到1 680IU/mL。以此菌株为起始菌株进行常压、室温等离子体诱变,利用24方孔深孔板快速筛选高产Nisin的突变株。结果表明,在诱变菌株的存活率为3%的条件下获得的突变株的正突变率达到27.3%。通过摇瓶发酵进一步考察初步筛选的正突变株的Nisin发酵水平,发现有一个突变株发酵Nisin的活性达到6 120IU/mL。     

葡萄全汁乳酸发酵菌株筛选及其风味分析

为葡萄全汁乳酸发酵饮料研制提供优良菌株资源.以"桂葡1号"葡萄果汁为原料,以耐酸性及风味评价为指标,筛选葡萄果汁乳酸发酵的优良菌株,研究优选菌的单菌及复配发酵对果汁风味物质的影响.植物乳杆菌R23及副干酪乳杆菌R37能耐受pH值3.0高酸,其发酵香与葡萄果香协调;两菌复配生长是共生型,其发酵风味比单菌更饱满丰富;乳酸发酵增加了葡萄果汁酸、酮、酯类物质的相对含量,增加了酚类和有机酸的成分数量.植物乳杆菌R23及副干酪乳杆菌R37是葡萄果汁乳酸发酵优良菌株,其复配发酵能赋予葡萄果汁更丰富的发酵风味.     

温度对14株无乳链球菌溶血价的影响

为了研究温度对无乳链球菌溶血价的影响,本文选择了来自不同地区、不同宿主和不同血清型的14株无乳链球菌,以2倍梯度稀释法分别测定了3个培养温度(25℃、30℃和37℃)对各菌株溶血价的影响,并测定了37℃下静置培养和振荡培养对各菌株溶血价的影响.结果表明,14株无乳链球菌的溶血价均显著受培养温度的影响,其中,有11株无乳链球菌的溶血价在37℃时最高、2株在25℃时最高、1株在30℃时最高,2015年分离自海南养殖场的5株罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的溶血价均在高温培养条件下较高.37℃下培养方式对无乳链球菌溶血价影响的研究结果表明,14株实验菌株中有12株的溶血价受振荡影响显著,其中,有8株实验菌株的溶血价在静置培养时比振荡培养时显著升高、有4株实验菌株的溶血价在振荡培养时比静置培养时显著升高.     

豆乳的乳酸菌发酵研究

从发酵酸牛乳手工业生产菌株中筛选出菌种活力高，产酸能力强的两株乳酸菌：ＨＬｂ（保加利亚乳杆菌）和ＨＳｔ（嗜热乳酸链球菌）二者协同作用，使酸豆乳的生产周期较以往资料所报道的缩短３７．５％，酸度提高２０％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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