热驱热声制冷耦合系统中波导管的声传输特性

根据声传播规律和声场边界条件分析,在热声发动机和热声制冷机之间增加一段波导管,可以有效提高制冷机回热器的驱动声压,同时增加当地声阻抗,降低回热器平均振荡速度,减少黏性耗散.波导管传输特性的计算和分析表明：波导管的特征尺寸（包括特征长度和相对水力半径）是提高回热器声压和声阻抗的关键参数;相对水力半径和阻抗相角是影响波导管...     

热声热机板叠式回热器结构数值计算

将热声热机板叠式回热器气体通道看成矩形导管,对回热器结构进行数值计算。通过声波导管理论的推导,对微型热声热机回热器板叠尺寸进行研究,利用高次波在气体通道衰减原理,计算回热器板叠纵向长度。研究结果表明:50kHz的热声热机回热器板叠最小横向长度为3.43mm;横向长度为3.43mm的板叠对于频率分别为20,30,40kHz的3种声源的最佳纵向长度分别为5.9,6.0和6.4mm,最佳纵向长度随声源频率的降低而减小。     

超高频微型脉冲管制冷机回热器优化设计

为了指导超高频回热器设计过程中运行参数的选取,基于准确度较高的回热器设计软件REGEN3.3开展了超高频1W@80K脉冲管制冷机回热器优化设计工作,总结了运行参数对于超高频回热器结构尺寸的影响。研究表明:冷端压比越高,回热器最优长度越短,直径越小;频率对回热器最优直径影响较小,进一步提高频率,回热器长度可适当变短;充气压力对回热器最优长度和直径影响均较小。最后总结出了超高频回热器运行参数选取方法,在保证回热器高效前提下进一步减小回热器尺寸,并将显著减少设计计算量。     

异型回热器热声热机结构动力学分析

利用商业软件ANSYS从结构动力学角度模拟分析了回热器结构的改变对热声热机的影响.在之前研究的基础上,改造了普通板叠回热器的结构,建立针束、肋片板、微坑板异形回热器模型,对包含各回热器的热声整机模型进行了结构动力学分析.分析得出,普通板叠回热器热声热机在150Hz附近谐振,而异型板叠回热器热机由于结构的改变,共振频率发生变化,在高阶模态应变到达峰值,说明了回热器的结构优化是提高热声热机性能的有效手段.     

驻波型热声制冷机回热器的结构优化

对驻波型热声制冷机的回热器进行了理论研究,通过对绝热情况下回热器内系统能流的分析,得到了以回热器位置和结构参数为变量并能够较为准确地预测出回热器时均温度差△Tm的解析表达式.将所得解析表达式与实验结果、线性化结果进行比较,表明了结果的准确性.运用所得结果对板叠式回热器在声场中的位置、板叠厚度和板叠间距进行优化,得到了回热器最优位置xs=f-1 (△Tm),最优板叠间距2y0/δκ=3.3～3.4,最优板叠厚度为2l/δκ=0.7.     

热声板叠式回热器结构动力学分析

分别利用Solidworks和ANSYS软件对热声系统中回热器的热声机理从结构动力学角度进行模拟研究.建立三维板叠式回热器的物理模型,得到在0.5,0.6和0.7 MPa充气压力作用下和在系统内谐振动作用下回热器的各动力学参数的响应及其分布.从模拟结果得出:回热器在热声系统振动中存在多种模态;在低频段各点应力-应变基本吻合,高频段各点差异逐渐增大;在一阶固有频率3 300 Hz附近,回热器内各点的应力和应变达到最大值.     

V160热气机中回热器的模拟研究

讨论了丝网回热器对Ｓｔｉｒｌｉｎｇ发动机性能的影响。对Ｖ１６０热气机回热器进行了分析，并用仿真软件ＭＡＲＴＩＮＩ－ＷＥＩＳＳ对该回热器进行了模拟。研究表明，回热器中结构、金属丝的尺寸及其配置，对热气机的热输入、功率输出和效率有很大影响。     

多级环形热声热机的起振条件及特性

基于线性热声网络理论,推导了多级环形行波热声热机的起振条件式,并对无负载系统的起振及稳态特性进行数值模拟分析.重点研究了不同工质、充气压力、回热器丝网水力半径及热声芯级数对热声热机起振温度、自激振荡频率以及相应声功率和效率的影响.模拟结果表明:不同充气压力下均存在获得最低起振温差的最优丝网水力半径,且在最优值附近存在一个合适的选值范围,使起振温差随充气压力的增加而降低,充气压力对振荡频率的影响不大;起振温差和振荡频率均随热声热机级数的增加而减小,当回热器温差一定时,增加级数会降低单个热声芯产生的声功率和效率.在一定加热功率条件下,采用混合工质可以获得比氦气工质更低的起振温差,且能获得与氦气工质相当的高声功率,因此混合工质有利于降低热机系统的工作温度和低品位热能的利用.     

高频驻波热声热机的数值研究

以1/4波长驻波热声热机为研究对象,建立了平行板叠结构回热器以及异形板叠结构回热器的数值模型,采用Fluent软件分析了这两种结构回热器产生的压力、速度以及流场.研究结果表明:异形板叠结构回热器自激振荡达到饱和所需的时间比较短,压力幅值比较高;非线性声场的扰动,导致不同时刻回热器冷热两端温度分布不稳定,相比平行板叠结构回热器,异形板叠结构回热器温度梯度比较小,有利于低品质热源的应用;针对板叠结构回热器,改变平板的结构,有利于实现热声系统的匹配;异形板叠结构回热器周围的流场明显强于平行板叠结构回热器,有利于流固之间的耦合,提高了热声转换的效率.     

丝网回热器中换热性能的优化

建立了低温制冷机回热器的非各向同性多孔介质模型,基于可用比热容、轴向导热率、回热效率和综合性能参数等性能指标,以不同目数及丝径、不同物性材料的金属丝网回热器为对象,对回热器的换热性能进行了数值优化研究.结果表明:回热器填料的比热容和密度越大,可用比热容越大,则制冷量越大;可用比热容相同时,热渗透深度大的制冷量反而小;可用比热容随着径向导热率的增加而增大,但制冷量却随之减小;轴径向导热比取0.1时,制冷机的制冷量比回热器按各向同性处理时要高0.5～2.0 W,可见通常模型中不考虑非各向同性因素计算获得的制冷量会偏低;选择导热率相对低的填充材料或通过改变丝网填充方式来降低回热器轴径向导热比,可减小轴向漏热量;通过控制不同目数丝网的填充比例(体积分数),如热端75 0目和冷端25%0目,且冷端采用导热率较低的不锈钢丝网的多段式回热器,可提高回热效率和综合性能参数,从而获得更佳的换热效果.     

热声热机谐振管截止频率选择机理

通过波导管理论的推导，对热声热机中谐振管的截止频率选择机理进行研究，导出谐振管中传播一维平面波的频率传播范围，阐述热声热机谐振管中一维平面波的传播机理，即谐振管截止频率选择的理论依据。理论研究结果表明：对于同样等效直径的矩形谐振管，其截止频率远大于圆形谐振波导管的截止频率；对于等效半径为2mm的微型热声制冷机的谐振管，当声速为343m／s时，谐振管的截止频率为50248Hz，实际的工作频率5500Hz，远小于谐振管的截止频率；在热声热机谐振波导管中只存在一维平面波传播，有利于合理布置热声热机的其他部件，达到优化热声热机的目的。     

热声谐振管的有源热声网络模型研究

根据流体力学基本方程组建立了采用平行板叠结构回热器的热声谐振管的有源热声网络模型,为热声谐振管与制冷机的优化匹配提供了一种有效的理论工具     

Investigation on regenerator temperature inhomogeneity in Stirling-type pulse tube cooler

Regenerator is one of the most crucial components to pulse tube cooler (PTC) and thermoacoustic engine. As such regenerator is scaled up to high-power, the thermal and hydrodynamic communication transverse to the acoustic axis gets weaker and weaker. Under this condition, any unsymmetric factor could cause serious instability to the cooler or engine, which degrades their performance. Investigation has been carried out on a high-power two-stage thermal-coupled U-shape Stirling-type PTC. By detailed circumferential temperature measurements along the middle heat exchanger and second stage regen-erator, a kind of temperature inhomogeneity caused by unsymmetric pre-cooling effect of inter-stage thermal bridge was found in the lower part of the regenerator of the PTC. The temperature inhomoge-neity originating from the middle heat exchanger of the second stage regenerator amplified itself in the lower part of the regenerator and then internal streaming formed. The maximal radial temperature dif-ference could reach 30―40 K. Experimental results show that the temperature inhomogeneity intensi-fies with increased pre-cooling power and its direction can be reversed by changing the pre-cooling effect of the first stage PTC to heating effect by using external thermal load. This research shows that it is important to maintain the heating or cooling effects of heat exchangers uniform in high-power re-generative coolers and engines.     

热声热机中回热器的数值计算与分析

针对热声热机系统回热器（或板叠）的数值计算。讨论了简单实用的得谐分析方法,并对热声制冷机中的热声板叠进行了数值计算与分析。计算结果为回热器（或板叠）的设计与优化奠定基础,从而保证系统设计的可靠性。     

Two-port network model and startup criteria for thermoacoustic oscillators

The startup process of a thermoacoustic engine is a self-excited oscillation process generated in inhomogeneous acoustic media. To reveal these coupling relations between various influential factors is an important task of basic research on thermoacoustics. In this paper thermoacoustic engines are regarded as thermoacoustic oscillators consisting of the active network and the passive network. Accordingly, the two-port Y-parameter for relevant component is derived, and standing wave and traveling wave thermoacoustic engine are described by the negative-resistance and feedback model, respectively. The relevant two-port network topology is given as well. The startup criteria for thermoacoustic oscillators are obtained by using Nyquist instability criterion. The model prediction of startup parameters, particularly, startup frequency and mode characteristic are in agreement with that of experimental results reported in the literature. Moreover, with topological graphs it is verified that standing wave engines would start up in a negative-resistance state and there would exist high frequency modes in thermoacoustic-Stirling engines. By investigating into the frequency response of thermoacoustic system, this method proposed can achieve such an objective that these effects of operating and structural parameters of engine on startup modes and startup temperature can be revealed in an analytical way. Thus this approach to test and check thermal stability can be provided in a design phase, instead of using empirical frequency to design thermoacoustic systems. Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50576024 and 51076013)     

Influence of resonator diameter on a miniature thermoacoustic Stirling heat engine

A small scale thermoacoustic Stirling engine （TASHE） is simulated according to the linear thermoacoustic theory. The computed results show that in a small scale thermoacoustic Stirling heat engine, the diameter of the resonance tube might have important influences on the working frequency and the performance of the engine, which are always neglected in a large scale system. Likewise, the analysis and experimental results show that in order to obtain better engine performance, the diameter of the resonance tube must be chosen appropriately according to the looped tube dimension and the input heating power. This provides an effective way to miniaturize the thermoacoustic Stirling heat engine. According to the computation and analysis, a small scale engine was built, the resonance tube length and diameter of which were about 350 mm and 20 mm, respectively, and the working frequency was about 282 Hz. When the input heating power was about 637 W, the maximal peak to peak pressure amplitude and pressure ratio reached 0.22 MPa and 1.116, respectively, which were able to drive a thermoacoustic refrigerator or an electrical generator.     

Research of refrigeration system for a new type of constant temperature hydraulic tank

Different from the traditional hydraulic oil cooling method,a new type of constant temperature oil tank cooling system based on semiconductor refrigeration technology is designed. This paper studies the principle of semiconductor refrigeration and establishes a heat transfer model. Semiconductor cooler on piping refrigeration is simulated,and influence of the parameters on the outlet temperature,such as pipe pressure difference of inlet and outlet,pipe length,pipe radius,are gotten,and then hydraulic tank semiconductor refrigeration system is proposed. The semiconductor refrigeration system can control temperature at 37 ± 1°C.