房地产开发企业项目管理层执行力维度结构模型

编制了房地产开发企业项目管理层执行力调查问卷,通过对270份有效问卷随机分成的两个均等样本分别采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法.研究表明:房地产开发企业项目管理层执行力维度结构模型由领悟能力、计划能力、指挥能力、督导能力和创新能力等五维构成.     

Multiple Hypothesis Testing of Market Risk Forecasting Models

Extending previous risk model backtesting literature, we construct multiple hypothesis testing (MHT) with the stationary bootstrap. We conduct multiple tests which control for the generalized confidence level and employ the bootstrap MHT to design multiple comparison testing. We consider absolute and relative predictive ability to test a range of competing risk models, focusing on value‐at‐risk and expected shortfall (ExS). In devising the test for the absolute predictive ability, we take the route of recent literature and construct balanced simultaneous confidence sets that control for the generalized family‐wise error rate, which is the joint probability of rejecting true hypotheses. We implement a step‐down method which increases the power of the MHT in isolating false discoveries. In testing for the ExS model predictive ability, we design a new simple test to draw inference about recursive model forecasting capability. In the second suite of statistical testing, we develop a novel device for measuring the relative predictive ability in the bootstrap MHT framework. The device, which we coin multiple comparison mapping, provides a statistically robust instrument designed to answer the question: ‘Which model is the best model?’ Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of Regime Switching Models for Real‐Time Business Cycle Analysis of the Euro Area

In this paper, we aim at assessing Markov switching and threshold models in their ability to identify turning points of economic cycles. By using vintage data updated on a monthly basis, we compare their ability to date ex post the occurrence of turning points, evaluate the stability over time of the signal emitted by the models and assess their ability to detect in real‐time recession signals. We show that the competitive use of these models provides a more robust analysis and detection of turning points. To perform the complete analysis, we have built a historical vintage database for the euro area going back to 1970 for two monthly macroeconomic variables of major importance for short‐term economic outlook, namely the industrial production index and the unemployment rate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铅在土壤及其组分中吸附行为研究

本文研究铅在土壤及其组分中的吸附,并用Freundlich等温吸附方程对实验结果进行拟合。结果显示土壤中各项组分对铅吸附能力的大小为：土壤胡敏酸〉土壤〉土壤矿物质;铅在土壤中的吸附满足线性吸附,铅在土壤胡敏酸和土壤矿物质中的吸附不属于线性吸附;pH值是影响土壤吸附铅的主要因素,随着溶液pH值的升高,土壤对铅的吸附能力增加,当pH值达到一定程度时,土壤对铅的吸附能力增加缓慢。     

Olfactory ensheathing cells promote neurite sprouting of injured axons in vitro by direct cellular contact and secretion of soluble factors

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) represent an exciting possibility for promoting axonal regeneration within the injured spinal cord. A number of studies have indicated the ability of these cells to promote significant reactive sprouting of injured axons within the injured spinal cord, and in some cases restoration of functional abilities. However, the cellular and/or molecular mechanisms OECs use to achieve this are unclear. To investigate such mechanisms, we report for the first time the ability of OECs to promote post-injury neurite sprouting in an in vitro model of axonal injury. Using this model, we were able to differentiate between the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying the ability of OECs to promote neuronal recovery from injury. We noted that OECs appeared to act as a physical substrate for the growth of post-injury neurite sprouts. We also found that while post-injury sprouting was promoted most when OECs were allowed to directly contact injured neurons, physical separation using tissue culture inserts (1 mm pore size, permeable to diffusible factors but not cells) did not completely block the promoting properties of OECs, suggesting that they also secrete soluble factors which aid post-injury neurite sprouting. Furthermore, this in vitro model allowed direct observation of the cellular interactions between OECs and sprouting neurites using live-cell-imaging techniques. In summary, we found that OECs separately promote neurite sprouting by providing a physical substrate for growth and through the expression of soluble factors. Our findings provide new insight into the ability of OECs to promote axonal regeneration, and also indicate potential targets for manipulation of these cells to enhance their restorative ability.Received 19 January 2004; received after revision 8 March 2004: accepted 17 March 2004     

Prothoracic gland synthesis of 3-dehydroecdysone and its hemolymph 3 beta-reductase mediated conversion to ecdysone in representative insects

The prothoracic glands of a variety of insects were tested for their ability to synthesize ecdysteroids in vitro. More specifically, they were evaluated for their ability to produce 3-dehydroecdysone and ecdysone using both radioimmunoassay and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Three categories of insect prothoracic glands were noted: a) those producing much more 3-dehydroecdysone than ecdysone; b) glands synthesizing almost equivalent amounts of each of these two ecdysteroids; c) prothoracic glands that yielded more ecdysone than 3-dehydroecdysone. In addition, the 3-oxoecdysteroid 3 beta-reductase activity of the hemolymph of these insects was evaluated for its ability to convert 3-dehydroecdysone to ecdysone. The lepidopteran species tested yielded the most potent enzyme activity, although activity was demonstrated in members of other orders. These data indicate that the dehydroecdysone-ecdysone axis is not restricted to moths and butterflies.     

Velocity sedimentation of tumor cells: A comparison of methods

Summary Tumor cells isolated from a murine fibrosarcoma were grown in primary culture for two days and then separated on a basis of size by velocity sedimentation. Centrifugal elutriation and STAPUT methods were compared for their ability to isolate biophysically unique tumor subpopulations. The isolated cell fractions were assayed for cell number, incorporation of triatiated thymidine and Coulter volume. Both methods were comparable with regard to ability to separate tumor cells on a basis of size. Elutriation had the advantage of speed but required sophisticated equipment. The STAPUT method was less expensive but required somewhat longer times for separation.Supported in part by NIH-NCI grants No. CA-06294 and CA-18628.     

Forecasting US GNP growth: The role of uncertainty

A large number of models have been developed in the literature to analyze and forecast changes in output dynamics. The objective of this paper was to compare the predictive ability of univariate and bivariate models, in terms of forecasting US gross national product (GNP) growth at different forecasting horizons, with the bivariate models containing information on a measure of economic uncertainty. Based on point and density forecast accuracy measures, as well as on equal predictive ability (EPA) and superior predictive ability (SPA) tests, we evaluate the relative forecasting performance of different model specifications over the quarterly period of 1919:Q2 until 2014:Q4. We find that the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index should improve the accuracy of US GNP growth forecasts in bivariate models. We also find that the EPU exhibits similar forecasting ability to the term spread and outperforms other uncertainty measures such as the volatility index and geopolitical risk in predicting US recessions. While the Markov switching time‐varying parameter vector autoregressive model yields the lowest values for the root mean squared error in most cases, we observe relatively low values for the log predictive density score, when using the Bayesian vector regression model with stochastic volatility. More importantly, our results highlight the importance of uncertainty in forecasting US GNP growth rates.     

Forecasting volatility by means of threshold models

The aim of this paper is to compare the forecasting performance of competing threshold models, in order to capture the asymmetric effect in the volatility. We focus on examining the relative out‐of‐sample forecasting ability of the SETAR‐Threshold GARCH (SETAR‐TGARCH) and the SETAR‐Threshold Stochastic Volatility (SETAR‐THSV) models compared to the GARCH model and Stochastic Volatility (SV) model. However, the main problem in evaluating the predictive ability of volatility models is that the ‘true’ underlying volatility process is not observable and thus a proxy must be defined for the unobservable volatility. For the class of nonlinear state space models (SETAR‐THSV and SV), a modified version of the SIR algorithm has been used to estimate the unknown parameters. The forecasting performance of competing models has been compared for two return time series: IBEX 35 and S&P 500. We explore whether the increase in the complexity of the model implies that its forecasting ability improves. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating the Out‐of‐Sample Predictive Ability of Trading Rules: A Robust Bootstrap Approach

In this paper, we provide a novel way to estimate the out‐of‐sample predictive ability of a trading rule. Usually, this ability is estimated using a sample‐splitting scheme, true out‐of‐sample data being rarely available. We argue that this method makes poor use of the available data and creates data‐mining possibilities. Instead, we introduce an alternative.632 bootstrap approach. This method enables building in‐sample and out‐of‐sample bootstrap datasets that do not overlap but exhibit the same time dependencies. We show in a simulation study that this technique drastically reduces the mean squared error of the estimated predictive ability. We illustrate our methodology on IBM, MSFT and DJIA stock prices, where we compare 11 trading rules specifications. For the considered datasets, two different filter rule specifications have the highest out‐of‐sample mean excess returns. However, all tested rules cannot beat a simple buy‐and‐hold strategy when trading at a daily frequency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on human neutrophil adherence in vitro

Summary We measured the effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the adherence of human neutrophils by using a dacron fiber system to assay the adhesive ability of neutrophils. rhG-CSF enhanced neutrophil adherence to dacron fibers. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced neutrophil-neutrophil interaction (neutrophil aggregation) in addition to neutrophil-dacron interaction, whereas rhG-CSF did not cause neutrophil aggregation. These results indicated that rhG-CSF increases the adhesive ability of neutrophils without neutrophil-neutrophil interaction, and the action of rhG-CSF in neutrophil activation is different from the neutrophil activation caused by fMLP.     

Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on human neutrophil adherence in vitro.

We measured the effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the adherence of human neutrophils by using a dacron fiber system to assay the adhesive ability of neutrophils. rhG-CSF enhanced neutrophil adherence to dacron fibers. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced neutrophil-neutrophil interaction (neutrophil aggregation) in addition to neutrophil-dacron interaction, whereas rhG-CSF did not cause neutrophil aggregation. These results indicated that rhG-CSF increases the adhesive ability of neutrophils without neutrophil-neutrophil interaction, and the action of rhG-CSF in neutrophil activation is different from the neutrophil activation caused by fMLP.     

A comparison of conditional predictive ability of implied volatility and realized measures in forecasting volatility

In a conditional predictive ability test framework, we investigate whether market factors influence the relative conditional predictive ability of realized measures (RMs) and implied volatility (IV), which is able to examine the asynchronism in their forecasting accuracy, and further analyze their unconditional forecasting performance for volatility forecast. Our results show that the asynchronism can be detected significantly and is strongly related to certain market factors, and the comparison between RMs and IV on average forecast performance is more efficient than previous studies. Finally, we use the factors to extend the empirical similarity (ES) approach for combination of forecasts derived from RMs and IV.     

Dynamics of increase in muscle fibers in fishes in relation to size and growth

Summary Dynamics of increase of white myotomal muscle fibers of four species of freshwater teleosts (Salmo gairdneri, Pimephales notatus, Esox masquinongy andE. americanus vermiculatus) from three families (Salmonidae, Cyprinidae, Esocidae) representing a variety of maximum attainable sizes and growth rates, have been investigated. There are at least three major differences in these dynamics, and there appears to be an association between the ability of a fish species to attain large size (and grow fast) and its ability to recruit new fibers into this predominant tissue of the myotomal mass.     

Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by 3-amino-L-tyrosines: Molecular probing of the active site of the enzyme

Summary We report the ability of 3-amino-L-tyrosine to act as a fully reversible competitive inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase. The inhibition is linked to the ortho-aminophenol structure, and a coppe bridging mechanism in the active site is proposed.     

Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by 3-amino-L-tyrosine: molecular probing of the active site of the enzyme

We report the ability of 3-amino-L-tyrosine to act as a fully reversible competitive inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase. The inhibition is linked to the ortho-aminophenol structure, and a copper bridging mechanism in the active site is proposed.     

基于MATLAB的空调房间温控系统的仿真研究

针对空调房间温度的非线性变化纯滞后惯性大等突出问题，建立了一个空调室温控制模型。根据这一模型提出了一种模糊Smith—PID最优控制策略，使用MATLAB对空调房间温度的模型失配时鲁棒特性、抗干扰特性、动态特性等进行仿真研究。结果表明：模糊Smith—PID控制效果均优于常规PID和传统Smith-PID控制，响应快、抗干扰性强、鲁棒性好，并能使房间温度控制在给定温度±0．1℃附近，超调几乎为零，是一种实用而简便的控制方法。     

Effect of actinomycin D on Trypanosoma cruzi

Viable metacyclic forms of T. cruzi, Y strain, treated with an adequate dose of actinomycin D (50 micrograms Act-D/ml/10(7) parasites/ml for 72 h at 28 degrees C) showed the following properties: 1) they lost their ability to replicate in culture medium, in blood and in tissues of normal mice and were no longer able to incorporate tritiated thymidine; 2) they could not penetrate into Vero cells and could not replicate inside normal macrophages; 3) they retained their immunogenicity and the ability to protect mice against a virulent infection; 4) they did not induce histological lesions as described in chronic experimental Chagas' disease.     

Survival of tumor fragments as a function of temperature: correlation with electric impedance]

The ability of small pieces of Rat Walker's tumour carcinome 256 to develop a subcutaneous tumour on another Rat is dependent on the value and the duration of heat treatment.