A high-resolution climatic chanse since Holocene inferred from multi-proxy of lake sediment in westerly area of China

Multi-proxy data are presented and a discuss is made of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during Holocene from a 225-cm-long sediment core from Wulungu Lake, located in westerly area of China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. Analyses of pollen, TOC, TN, δ^13Corg, ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, suggest Holocene climate pattern as follows： temperate and dry （10.0-7.6 cal. ka BP） -warm and wet （7.6-5.3 cal. ka BP） -warm and moist （5.3-3.6 cal. ka BP） -temperate and dry （3.6-2.1 cal. ka BP）-temperate and moist （2.1-1.3 cal. ka BP） -cool and dry （1.3 cal. ka BP-present）. With the climatic change, Wulungu Lake experienced two large-scale retreat （5.3-3.6 cal. ka BP and 1.3 cal. ka BP-present） and an obvious transgression （7.6-5.3 cal. ka BP）. The records of climatic and environmental evolution of Wulungu Lake were in good accordance with those of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental change, global abrupt climate events and followed the westerly climate change mode.     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

Southwest monsoon changes indicated by oxygen isotope of ostracode shells from sediments in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial

The δ 18O records of ostracode shells in sediments of core QH-2000 from Qinghai Lake can be used as a better proxy to reflect monsoon changes. Low monsoon precipitation between 17.5 and 11 cal. ka BP is indicated by positive δ 18O values averaging 2.37‰. A fast shift in δ 18O from positive at 11 cal. ka BP to negative at 10 cal. ka BP indicates sharp increase of monsoon precipitation. An interval of generally high monsoon precipitation is observed between 10 and 6 cal. ka BP with δ 18O values averaging -2.15‰. Decrease of monsoon precipitation between 6 and 2.5 cal. ka BP is indicated by positive δ 18O values. δ 18O keeps positive values averaging 3.0‰ between 2.5 and 0 cal. ka BP suggesting low high monsoon precipitation. The climatic changes indicated by δ 18O records of ostracode shells in sedi- ments of core QH-2000 from Qinghai Lake and our broader regional comparison show that the climate in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial is probably controlled by southwest monsoon other than southeast monsoon.     

Magnetic susceptibility variation and AMS exchange related to thermal treatment of siderite

Siderite is one of the common iron-bearing carbonates in deposits. Its magnetic properties are usually neglected due to its paramagnetic property at room temperature. It was shown that the magnetic susceptibility changes with temperature variation. Also it was revealed that the maximum axis ( K₁) of AMS ellipsoid exchange position gradually with the minimum axis (K ₃) during thermal treatment, and thus, AMS ellipsoids of samples change from initial prolate to oblate. It was concluded that such changes resulted from the decomposition and oxidation of siderite during heating in which siderite was transformed into magnetite, maghemite, and finally to hematite.     

A local asymptotic behavior for ruin probability in the renewal risk model

Let R（t）=u＋ct-∑ I=1^N（t） Xi,t≥0 be the renewal risk model, with Fx（x）being the distribution function of the claim amount X. Let ψ（u） be the ruin probability with initial surplus u. Under the condition of Fx（x） ∈ S^＊（γ）,y ≥ 0, by the geometric sum method, we derive the local asymptotic behavior for ψ（u,u ＋ z] for every 0 （ z （ oo, On one hand, the asymptotic behavior of ψ（u） can be derived from the result obtained. On the other hand, the result of this paper can be applied to the insurance risk management of an insurance company.     

An entanglement criterion for states in infinite-dimensional multipartite quantum systems

In(Phys Lett A,2002,297:4-8) an entanglement criterion for finite-dimensional bipartite systems is proposed:If ρ AB is a separable state,then Tr(ρA2) Tr(ρ2) and Tr(ρB2) Tr(ρ2).In the present paper this criterion is extended to infinite-dimensional bipartite and multipartite systems.The reduction criterion presented in(Phys Rev A,1999,59:4206-4216) is also generalized to infinitedimensional case.Then it is shown that the former criterion is weaker than the later one.     

Strong stability of linear forms in φ -mixing random variables

In this paper some new results of strong stability of linear forms in φ-mixing random variables are given. It is mainly proved that for a sequence of φ-mixing random variables {x _n , n ⩾ 1} and two sequences of positive numbers {a _n , n ⩾ 1} and {b _n , n ⩾ 1} there exist d _n ∈ R, n = 1,2,L, such that a.s. under some suitable conditions. The results extend and improve the corresponding theorems for independent identically distributed random variables. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10671149)     

Fluorescence Determination of Artemisinin Using Hemoglobin as Catalyst and Pyronine B as Substrate

0 IntroductionMaalnadria siusb atr ompajicosr .he aAltrthe pmrisoibnlienmi (n qtihneghtraoopsiucs,QHS,Fig.1) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide isola-ted fromArtemisia annuaL., an ancient Chineseherbal medicine usedfor treatment of fever and ma-laria.Studies of the structure and activity relation-ship have shownthat endoperoxide groupis essentialfor anti malarial activity of QHS and absence of thismoiety lead to completely loss in activity of thedrug. Many techniques have been developed to de…     

Tree decomposition

A tree decomposition of graph G=(V, E) is referred to as a partition of edge set E into edge-disjoint trees. Given (not necessarily distinct) vertices u-1, u-2...u-k∈V with k≥2, a sufficient and necessary condition is given for a connected graph G=(V,E) to have a tree decomposition {T-1, T-2...T-k} such that V(T-i)=V{u-i}, i=1,2,... k.     

糖蜜酒精废液脱钾树脂的解吸动力学

【目的】研究糖蜜酒精废液脱钾树脂BK-001中K~+的静态解吸过程。【方法】考察洗脱剂温度、浓度及树脂粒径对K~+解吸过程的影响,用动边界模型描述K~+的解吸过程。【结果】确定糖蜜酒精废液脱钾树脂BK-001中K~+的解吸过程为颗粒扩散控制,该反应的表观活化能为40.9kJ/mol,反应级数为1.19,表观频率因子为5.27×10~4 min~(-1),假二级动力学模型更适合描述K~+的解吸过程(R~20.995)。K+解析过程的总动力学方程式为1-3(1-F)~(2/3)+2(1-F)=5.27×104r20[H2SO4]~(1.19)e_((-4.09×10~4))/RT。【结论】脱钾树脂BK-001的解吸动力学方程为糖蜜酒精废液脱钾树脂的再生及钾盐资源的综合利用提供理论依据。     

北部湾物理海洋模型的建立与验证

采用坐标变换方法 ,在北部湾上层海洋采用正交坐标系以获得垂向高分辨率 ,在底层水体采用 Sigma坐标系以拟合地形 ,建立北部湾的物理海洋模型 ,并利用建立的模型分别模拟北部湾的 M2 、K1 、O1 分潮 .结果计算值与实测值相比 ,M2 、K1 、O1 分潮振幅的绝对平均误差分别为 3.4 cm、 4 .7cm、 5 .1cm ,相位绝对平均误差分别为 7.1°、 9.3°、 7.2°,在潮波模拟可以接受的误差范围内 ,模拟的潮波系统与实测的潮波系统符合良好 .说明建立的模型对潮波模拟具有较高精度 ,模型是可靠的、稳定的 ,可用于有关工程计算以及环流的模拟计算 .     

Inorganic-organic hybrids constructed of bis（undecatungstogerma- nate）lanthanates polyoxoanions and oxalate-bridged dinuclear copper complexes and their magnetic properties

A series of inorganic-organic hybrids K₂Na _m H_9−m [{Ln(GeW₁₁O₃₉)₂}{Cu₂(bpy)₂(μ-ox)}]·nH₂O (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine and ox = oxalate; Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd; n = 19, 17, 22, 20, 19; m = 4, 4, 4, 9, 2) were isolated after reacting in a potassium acetate buffer. X-ray structural analyses show that compounds 1–5 are isomorphic and consist of [Ln(GeW₁₁O₃₉)₂]¹³⁻ polyoxoanion building blocks and oxalate-bridged dinuclear copper metalorganic complex with a 1D chain structure. The 1D chain further connects into the 3D framework by π-π interactions with neighboring bpy groups. The magnetic susceptibility data indicate that antiferromagnetic coupling between the neighboring Cu²⁺ ions in the structure and the rare earth ions affects magnetic property of the structure.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

Sea surface temperature record from the north of the East China Sea since late Holocene

Using the alkenone paleotemperature index U37^k, a high-resolution sea surface temperature （SST） record since 3600 a BP was reconstructed from the mud area in the north of the East China Sea. Combining with the grain size distribution curve of sensitive grain size group, which may reflect the East Asia Winter Monsoon activity, the palaeoenvironmental evolution cycle throughout the late Holocene in the area was obtained. The marine environment evolution during the last 3600 years displays a five-stage trend. （1） Temperature descending period from 0.85 cal. ka BP to present. The maximum temperature decrease amplitude is 2℃. The winter monsoon intensified and ＇Little Ice Age＇ were recorded in this period. （2） Warming period from 1.90 to 0.85 cal. ka BP. The mean temperature increase amplitude is 0.8℃. The Sui-Tang warming period was recorded at about 0.85--1.35 cal. ka BP and a prominent cooling event was recorded at 1.4 cal. ka BP in this period. （3） Temperature descending period from 2.55 to 1.90 cal. ka BP. Temperature cooling amplitude is 0.9℃. This period is coincident with an integrated temperature circle recorded in the Antarctic ice core, with the temperature changes from a slow cooling stage to a rapid warming stage. （4） Temperature comparatively stable with a little ascending period from 3.2 to 2.55 cal. ka BP. Temperature warming amplitude is 0.3℃. This period is coincident with the temperature fluctuant ascending period recorded in Antarctic ice core. （5） Temperature comparatively stable with little descending period from 3.6 to 3.2 cal. ka BP. This period corresponds with the temperature fluctuant cooling period recorded in Antarctic ice core. Basically, those five periods were coincident with the Antarctic ice core record. During the global cooling stage, the SST change in the continental shelf sea can be adjusted simultaneously.     

Genetic dissection of a thousand-grain weight quantitative trait locus on rice chromosome 1

Thousand-grain weight （TGWT） is an important factor affecting grain yield as well as grain quality in rice. A quantitative trait locus （QTL） qTGWTI-1 for TGWT was detected previously near DNA marker RG532 on the short arm of chromosome 1 in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the indlca-indica rice cross Zhengshan97B （ZS97B）/Milyang46 （MY46）. In this study, two residual heterozygous lines （RHLs）, Chl and Ch2, derived from the ZS97B/MY46 RIL F7 population, were used to develop two Fe populations, RIL-1 and RIL-2. The genome of Chl and Ch2 contains a heterozygous region flanked by RM1--RM3746 and RM151--RM243 on the short arm of chromosome 1, respectively, but is homozygous in other regions. Two tightly linked QTLs, Gwl-1 and Gwl-2, with the same additive direction and similar effect on TGWT, were detected in the region of QTL qTGWTI-1 in population RIL-2. No QTL was detected in the population RIL-1. Four individual RHLs from the population RIL-2 carrying heterozygous segments flanked by RM151--RM10404, RM10381--RM243, RM10435--RM259 and RM10398--RM5359, respectively, were chosen to develop four F= populations. Ten maternal homozygotes and 10 paternal homozygotes were selected from each of the four F2 populations derived from the four RHLs. The four sets of near isogenic lines （NILs） were grown for phenotyping of TGWT and delimitation of Gwl-1 and Gw1-2. Results showed that Gwl-1 and Gw1-2 were located in the intervals RM10376--RM 10398 and RM10404--RM 1344 which cover 392.9 and 308.5 kb regions, respectively. The enhancing alleles were from ZS97B at both loci, and no significant interactions were detected. Genetic dissection of Gwl-1 and Gwl-2 has laid a foundation for their cloning and molecular breeding of grain yield and quality in rice.     

On the limiting behavior of weighted partial sums for<Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> valued martingale difference sequences

Let {X_n, n≥1} be a martingale difference sequence and {a _nk , 1⩽k⩽n,n⩾1} an array of constant real numbers. The limiting behavior of weighted partial sums ∑ _k=1 ⁿ a _nk X _k is investigated and some new results are obtained. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Sciene Foundation of China (No. 10071058 and No. 10071019) Biography: Gan Shi-xin (1939-), male, Prof lessor, research direction: martingale theory, probability limiting theory and Banach space geometry theory.     

Insights into the subunit interactions of the chloroplast ATP synthase

Subunit interactions of the chloroplast F0F1- ATP synthase were studied using the yeast two-hybrid system. The coding sequences of all the nine subunits of spinach chloroplast ATP synthase were cloned in two-hybrid vectors. The vectors were transformed into the yeast strains HF7c and SFY526 by various pairwise combinations, and the protein interactions were analyzed by measuring the yeast growth on minimal SD medium without serine, lucine and histidine. Interactions of γ Subunit with wild type or two truncated mutants of γ sununit, △εN21 and △εC45, which lose their abilities to inhibit the ATP hydrolysis, were also detected by in vitro and in vivo binding assay. The present results are largely accordant to the common structure model of F0F1-ATP synthase. Different from that in the E. Coli F0F1-ATP synthase, the δ subunit of chloroplast ATP syn- thase could interact with β,γ,ε and all the CF0 subunits in the two-hybrid system. These results suggested that though the chloroplast ATP synthase shares the similar structure and composition of subunits with the enzyme from E. Coli, it may be different in the subunit interactions and con- formational change during catalysis between these two sources of ATP synthase. Based on the present results and our knowledge of structure model of E. Coli ATP synthase, a deduced structure model of chloroplast ATP synthase was proposed.     

Crystal structure and negative thermal expansion of solid solution Lu<Subscript>2</Subscript>W<Subscript>3−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Mo<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>

A new series of solid solutions Lu₂W_3−x Mo _x O₁₂ (0.5≤x≤2.5) were successfully synthesized by the solid-state method. Their crystal structure and negative thermal expansion properties were studied using high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method. All samples of rare-earth tungstates and molybdates are found to crystallize in the same orthorhombic structure with space group Pnca and show the negative thermal expansion phenomena related to transverse vibration of bridging oxygen atoms in the structure. Thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of Lu₂W_3−x Mo _x O₁₂ are determined as −20.0×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for x=0.5 and −16.1×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for x=2.5 but -18.6×10⁻⁶ and −16.9×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ for unsubstituted Lu₂W₃O₁₂ and Lu₂Mo₃O₁₂ in the identical temperature range of 200 to 800°C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and bond length analysis suggest that the difference between W-O and Mo-O bond is responsible for the change of TECs after the element substitution in this series of solid solutions.     

钝缀锦蛤选育群体F2生长性状相关性及遗传力分析

为开展钝缀锦蛤早期群体选育,通过生长性状研究群体选育的潜力,以经1代群体选育钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)为亲本,通过阶段性移养的方式建立7个半同胞家系和混养F_2闭锁群体,分析12月龄和18月龄F_2群体的生长性状相关性,基于约束极大似然法(Restricted Maximum Likelihood,REML)估算12月龄钝缀锦蛤生长性状遗传力。结果显示钝缀锦蛤生长性状相关性达到极显著水平(P0.01)。根据多元回归分析结果,12月龄F_2群体壳长、壳高和壳宽对体质量直接作用为0.377,0.370,0.276;18月龄F_2群体壳长、壳高和壳宽对体质量直接作用为0.389,0.361,0.351。2个阶段壳体性状对体质量的直接作用相近,且直接作用大于间接作用,壳长对体质量直接作用最大。相比12月龄,8月龄F2群体壳宽对体质量的直接作用提高。12月龄和18月龄F2群体壳长(x_1)、壳高(x_2)、壳宽(x_3)对体质量(y)的回归方程分别为y=-48.724+0.513x_1+0.754x_2+0.882x_3(R~2=0.848)和y=-94.689+0.772x_1+1.141x_2+1.608x_3(R~2=0.864)。估算壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量半同胞个体遗传力分别为0.14±0.16、0.10±0.08、0.49±0.28、0.29±0.14,壳宽的遗传力最高,表明壳宽是钝缀锦蛤选育的首选性状。本研究结果为钝缀锦蛤群体选育提供基础数据。