黄树蟋雄性鸣声的研究

应用计算机技术,对黄树蟋Oecanthus rufescens Serville雄性鸣声的时域及频域特征进行了分析.结果表明,黄树蟋雄性鸣声的时域波形由规则的脉冲组序列构成,通常含有11个脉冲组.每个脉冲组持续时间约为0.230 s,脉冲组间隔约为0.330 s,脉冲组重复率约为0.64次/s,每个脉冲持续时间约为0.008～0.012 s,脉冲重复率约为23次/s,脉冲间隔约为0.004 s.鸣声频率的主频带范围是2.2～4.4 kHz,主能峰频率约为3.3 kHz.     

关于《大正藏》中“释门应用文范”抄录讹误的再研究

《大正藏》是日本《大正新修大藏经》的简称。由于传抄等诸多原因,《大正藏》中存在文字缺失、遗漏、标题与正文混同、正面文字与反面文字混同等问题,从而导致对佛教经典的理解上出现偏差。文章以《大正藏》第八十五册第2857条以及第2848条存有的讹误为例,对它进行了研究与勘误。     

古村镇在当代中国社会的“再发现”

集中讨论了当前中国社会出现的关注古村镇的社会性热潮。在指出古村镇热潮的全球化、都市化发展之大背景的同时，分析了古村镇在当前中国社会中得以“再发现”的意义，以及古村镇之被赋予的历史与文化价值。古村镇的热潮及其相关的社会文化动向，反映了都市居民对于“乡土中国”的眷恋，意味着现当代中国社会对于“传统”的某种回归，以及对于文化“故乡”的重新认同。此外，还对古村镇在当前的新农村建设运动中以及在旅游开发中所面临的一些问题进行了论述，并指出了古村镇同时也作为现代村镇可能会发生的变迁及其机制。     

Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences

We report a high-quality draft of the genome sequence of the grey, short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). As the first metatherian ('marsupial') species to be sequenced, the opossum provides a unique perspective on the organization and evolution of mammalian genomes. Distinctive features of the opossum chromosomes provide support for recent theories about genome evolution and function, including a strong influence of biased gene conversion on nucleotide sequence composition, and a relationship between chromosomal characteristics and X chromosome inactivation. Comparison of opossum and eutherian genomes also reveals a sharp difference in evolutionary innovation between protein-coding and non-coding functional elements. True innovation in protein-coding genes seems to be relatively rare, with lineage-specific differences being largely due to diversification and rapid turnover in gene families involved in environmental interactions. In contrast, about 20% of eutherian conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are recent inventions that postdate the divergence of Eutheria and Metatheria. A substantial proportion of these eutherian-specific CNEs arose from sequence inserted by transposable elements, pointing to transposons as a major creative force in the evolution of mammalian gene regulation.     

聚氨酯硬段堆叠结构的再发现：类结晶行为

利用傅里叶变换红外技术（FT-IR）首先阐明了本文工作中的聚氨酯氢键缔合程度或微相分离程度与热历史无关,只与样品所处温度有关。其次,利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）探究了升降温过程中出现的热效应,发现热效应所对应的硬段缔合结构与聚合物结晶行为非常相似,例如有缔合核存在下的快速生长、硬段较多时的快速生长、等温退火后生成特定的缔合结构等。综合以上实验结果可以发现,这些缔合结构的行为非常类似于高分子晶体。但与传统观点不同的是,微相分离与这些潜在的类结晶行为是两个独立的过程。     

科学再发现的途径、特性与趋势

科学再发现的途径具有多样性,包括对原有发现的发现和改进,总结和综合,拓展和深入以及交叉和组合;科学再发现特性是继承性和创新性、阶段性和连续性以及多样性和统一性的辩证统一;科学再发现趋势表现为:交叉融合性日益增强、主体呈集群化和成果转化速度急剧加快。     

大戟科假奓包叶的种子油提取及油脂肪酸成分

利用超声波辅助提取法萃取吉首市郊区4个采样点的大戟科植物假奓包叶的种子油,并采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术分析了种子油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,4个采样点的假奓包叶种子油提取率平均为22.71%,种子油的脂肪酸成分分别为8,7,5, 4种;各采样点植物假奓包叶的种子油共有的、相对含量较高的脂肪酸成分为亚麻酸（52.38%）、亚油酸（28.18%）、硬脂酸（13.30%）和棕榈酸（5.78%）,其总量占总脂肪酸的99.47%.     

大戟科假奓包叶的种子油提取及油脂肪酸成分

利用超声波辅助提取法萃取吉首市郊区4个采样点的大戟科植物假奓包叶的种子油,并采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术分析了种子油脂肪酸组成。结果表明,4个采样点的假奓包叶种子油提取率平均为22.71%,种子油的脂肪酸成分分别为8,7,5, 4种;各采样点植物假奓包叶的种子油共有的、相对含量较高的脂肪酸成分为亚麻酸（52.38%）、亚油酸（28.18%）、硬脂酸（13.30%）和棕榈酸（5.78%）,其总量占总脂肪酸的99.47%.     

Novel sex differences in linkage values and meiotic chromosome behaviour in a marsupial

There have been few reported family studies of gene segregation in marsupials and no report on genetic linkage in a marsupial species. The paucity of such genetic data probably stems from the lack of marsupial species sufficiently well adapted to a laboratory environment to give the abundant progeny from controlled crosses which are required in such work. A colony of the fat-tailed insectivore Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), which was established in the R. A. Fisher Laboratories, University of Adelaide, more than 20 years ago, has now provided unusual linkage data. These data indicate that the linkage situation in this marsupial species differs markedly from that in eutherian mammals. Extremely large differences exist between the sexes in the values of the recombination frequencies, with much closer linkage occurring in females. Cytological examination of meiosis in males and females has revealed a major difference between the sexes in chromosome behaviour.     

新“港口——腹地”文化模型：广西南流江流域文明史的再发现

受群山限制,局促在一种＂马刺型＂（冂）地理区间的南流江水域,历经＂腹地（桂东南）——港口（北部湾）＂间的长期互动,在岭南旧有的＂腹地（西江）——港口（广州）＂文化发展模式之外,营造了独具一格的南流江本土文化。特别是,在南方稻作文化、佛教来华、妈祖入桂、移民实边与民族融合等多方面,南流江流域文明发展史并没有做成＂西江文明史＂的一个附属分支;相反,南流江流域文明史恰好就是＂中华文明多元一体格局＂在岭南地区的深度演绎。目前,它又是构建＂北部湾文化＂必不可缺的有机部件,更是推进广西现代化进程赖以探寻的＂区域文化力＂。     

Aspects of palaeosols in Australia

Numerous examples of long term landscape are presented relating soil and regolith to landforms going back to Cenozoic or Mesozoic times. Many conventional approaches to soil are inappropriate for such materials. It is important to study the entire regolith, and realise it seldom reveals all the changes of climate ithas experienced.