滑行艇静水直航及波浪中运动的数值模拟

为准确估算滑行艇的水动力性能,基于RANSE VOF求解器,选取滑行艇拖曳阻力模型实验和耐波性模型实验,采用切割体网格和整体动网格技术,对滑行艇在静水中的高速直航和在规则波浪中的迎浪运动进行了多自由度数值模拟.为验证模拟的真实性,将模拟计算值与实验值进行比较,结果表明,计算流体动力学技术可以准确且高效地模拟滑行艇在静水以及波浪中高速航行时的运动姿态和水动力特性,为滑行艇设计提供可靠的参考依据.     

基于2D+t势流方法的滑行艇静水姿态预报研究

为了预报滑行艇在静水中的运动姿态及垂向力分布情况,采用2D+t势流方法,将滑行艇直航问题转化为二维剖面入水砰击问题,建立滑行艇静水运动姿态的时域预报模型．对滑行艇剖面入水砰击载荷采用MLM(改进Logvinovich模型)砰击模型进行计算,并针对2D+t理论对滑行艇静压力及首尾部水动力三维效应预报的不足之处进行了改进．针对滑行艇约束模,改进2D+t方法得到的垂向力沿船长方向分布情况能够与三维黏流CFD(计算流体力学)结果符合较好;针对自由模,改进2D+t方法得到的运动姿态能够与模型试验结果符合较好,证明了改进2D+t方法对滑行艇在静水中的水动力问题具有较好的预报精度．     

基于二维变形体入水的滑行艇水动力研究

为寻找准确便捷估算滑行艇水动力的方法,在二维半理论的简化模型下,通过CFD方法建立气液二相流VOF模型,数值模拟二维变形体入水砰击过程,对滑行艇稳定直航状态下的动升力进行研究.为验证数值模型精度,首先对二维楔形体入水进行数值模拟,并将得到的砰击参数与理论近似解结果进行比较,进而根据船模实验中的航行姿态,将三维船体稳定直航简化为二维变形横剖面入水过程并通过动网格技术进行数值模拟.将变形横剖面入水不同时刻的动升力沿船长方向对应的横剖面位置进行积分得到全艇的动升力.同时,对三维船体进行绕流计算,将得到的动升力与二维积分结果以及实验值进行对比.计算结果表明,二维和三维计算结果均与实验数据基本吻合,通过CFD方法计算基于二维变形体入水的高速滑行艇水动力问题具有可行性.     

静水中高速艇纵向运动数值模拟

为准确估算高速艇在静水中航行的水动力性能,以某高速艇为研究对象,基于CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）技术,应用切割体网格和重叠网格、两相流、VOF模型、6-DOF模型等物理模型和k－ε湍流模型,对静水中高速艇升沉、纵摇耦合运动进行数值模拟,分析了高速艇阻力随航速变化及运动过程中纵倾角度和重心位置的变化情况,并将计算结果与船模实验值进行了比较,以证明高速艇纵向运动水动力性能数值模拟方法的可行性和准确性.     

高速滑行艇“海豚运动”现象的实时数值预报方法

基于计算流体力学软件FLUENT及滑行艇纵向运动方程,编写了耦合求解滑行艇纵向运动响应特性的数值预报程序,进行了均匀来流中三维滑行艇模型"海豚运动"现象的数值模拟,分析了滑行艇在不同航速及重心位置条件下的升沉、纵摇运动特性.结果表明:当滑行艇的重心与艇艉的距离lg=0.231L(L为艇长),体积Froude数Fr▽≥2.7时,滑行艇出现"海豚运动"现象,且艇体的升沉量、纵倾角和响应频率均随着航速的增加而增大;当Fr▽=5.0,滑行艇重心处于lg=0.381L,0.351L时均出现"海豚运动"现象,且其升沉量、纵摇角的幅值和响应频率均随着重心纵向位置移向艇艉而增大.     

断阶3体滑行艇阻力试验研究

通过3体滑行艇不同滑行面形式的对比模型试验,研究了断阶对3体滑行艇阻力性能及运动姿态的影响,比较了3体和单体滑行艇在有无断阶时的阻力性能特点,并对船体2侧喷溅进行了观察.结果表明：无断阶3体滑行艇在第2个阻力峰出现以前阻力与航态的变化趋势同无断阶单体滑行艇一致.加入断阶后3体滑行艇阻力与航态的变化与单体滑行艇加入断阶后的变化不同,断阶3体滑行艇第2个阻力峰消失,阻力随速度的提高而增大,断阶数目越多阻力增长越快;航态变化趋势与无断阶类似,第2次航态出现较大变化的时间随断阶数目的增多而提前.试验中观察发现：无断阶方案的2侧槽道有使喷溅流整顺和形成气垫的作用,而有断阶方案的槽道内喷溅流混乱.     

水陆两栖飞机全机模型静水滑行水动性能预报

水面起飞性能是水面飞行器的基本性能,也是总体技术的核心,涉及多个学科领域。水陆两栖飞机水面高速滑行水动力性能与排水型船不同,具有速度高、运动复杂等特点,高速滑行时一方面受到较大的水动升力,另一方面受到机翼的升力。本文结合水陆两栖飞机水面高速滑行特点,利用RANS数值方法和重叠网格技术对水陆两栖飞机全机模型开展数值仿真模拟,分析了自由液面水气分布、机身底部压力分布特征,并将阻力、姿态和升沉与水池模型试验结果进行对比,验证了数值方法的准确性,为水陆两栖飞机静水滑行水动性能数值预报提供技术基础。     

变角度尾压浪板对断级滑行艇阻力性能的影响

为了研究尾压浪板安装角对断级滑行艇阻力性能的影响,对尾压浪板安装角β=2°,3°,4.5°的双断级滑行艇模型进行试验研究,并利用计算流体动力学软件CFX对容积Froude数Fr_▽=0.44~5.20的模型绕流场进行模拟,分析了尾压浪板的作用机制,以及不同β角的尾压浪板的水动力特性,探讨了尾压浪板安装角对断级后空穴和各滑行面负荷系数的影响.结果表明,增大尾压浪板安装角,可使断级滑行艇得到较好的低速阻力性能,并且在对高速段阻力影响较小的同时提高发生海豚运动的临界速度.     

基于速度障碍法和动态窗口法的无人水面艇动态避障

速度障碍法是一种普遍应用在无人水面艇(unmanned surface vehicle,USV)上的动态避障方法,但传统的速度障碍法未考虑无人水面艇运动学性能与障碍物运动信息误差的影响,也未明确何时开始避障与结束避障.在速度障碍法的基础上,用椭圆表示无人水面艇与障碍物,给出一种求解椭圆切线的方法;将动态窗口法与速度障碍物法相结合,考虑无人水面艇的运动学性能,只使用无人水面艇在给定时间内能到达的速度和方向进行避障计算;通过比较碰撞时间与无人水面艇避开障碍物所需的时间来确定何时开始避障,并提出一种结束避障的判断方法;为了减小障碍物运动信息误差的影响,提出了一种虚拟障碍物方法.最后,通过仿真实验验证了该避障方法的可行性与有效性.     

船首对单体穿浪船水动力性能的影响

通过对4个具有不同穿浪船首的单体穿浪船进行建模并对比分析模型在静水及波浪中的直航运动,研究了水线以上船首形式变化对单体穿浪船水动力性能的影响.研究主要基于数值模拟,通过求解URANS(Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程和使用多种动网格技术来预报船体阻力和运动.研究表明:具有瘦削船首的单体穿浪船在短波中的受力和运动对水线以上穿浪船首形式变化不敏感,在波浪中的阻力、运动姿态和加速度比滑行艇的要小;水线以上穿浪船首形式对单体穿浪船在静水中的阻力、姿态和兴波的影响要基于船体尺度进行讨论,大型单体穿浪船静水中的阻力、姿态和兴波对水线以上穿浪船首形式变化不敏感,而水线以上穿浪船首形式对小型高速穿浪艇静水中的阻力、姿态和兴波的影响显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that