掺杂Ce基Ce0.8SmxY0.2-xO1.9（0≤x≤0.2）电解质的电性能

采用固相反应法制备Ce0.8SmxY0.2-xO1.9Zn0.01(0≤x≤0.2)电解质试样。着重考察不同掺杂配比对材料整体导电性能的影响,另外ZnO对材料电性能的影响也进行了探讨。采用X线衍射(XRD)、Archimede排水法、热膨胀测量法和交流阻抗分析对试样的性能进行表征。结果表明:Sm和Y共掺杂能提高CeO2基电解质的电性能。其中1 550℃烧结的Ce0.8Sm0.18Y0.02O1.9在300～700℃具有最高的离子电导率。添加ZnO可以有效地降低烧结温度,在1 500℃所有试样均烧结致密。ZnO的加入可以提高材料的晶界电性能。     

BaCe0.8 M0.2 O29(M=Y、Gd、Sm)电解质在中、低温天然气燃料电池中的性能研究

采用干压法制备阳极支撑固体氧化物燃料电池。阳极的组成为50wt%NiO＋50wt%SDC（Ce0．8SM0.2O2-δ）;电解质为BaCeO3及搀杂的BaCe0．8M0．2O29（M=Y、Gd、Sm）;阴极采用85wt％LSCF（La0．9Sr0．1Co0.2Fe0．8O3-δ）＋15wt％GDC（Ce0.8Gd0．2O2-δ）复合阴极（wt代表质量百分数）。在400℃-600℃的范围内,以天然气为燃料气,氧气为氧化气,50℃为间隔,测试并比较了各电池的性能,并用X射线衍射（XRD）分析所制样品粉体在1350℃烧结10小时后的晶体结构。实验表明：搀杂的BaCe0．8M0．2O29（M=Y、Gd、Sm）具有与BaCeO3相同的正交钙钛矿型结构。测试条件下以BaCe0．8Gd0．2O2．9为电解质的燃料电池具有更优的电化学性能,在600℃电池的最大电流密度为238．93mA／cm^2,最大功率密度为49．41mW／cm^2。     

Ce0.8Pr0.2-x Smx O2-δ(x=0.02,0.05,0.10)固溶体的合成及性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备固体电解质Ce0.8Pr0.2-xSmxO2-δ(x=0.02,0.05,0.10).XRD结果表明:800℃煅烧后的全部样品皆为单一的立方萤石型结构,平均晶粒尺寸为19～28 nm;Raman光谱结果表明:立方萤石结构的Ce0.8 Pr0.2-x Smx O2-δ 固溶体中存在氧空位,在Ce0.8 Pr0.2-x Smx O2-δ 中掺入钐可提高氧空位浓度;阻抗谱测试表明:稀土双掺杂Ce0.8 Pr0.15 Sm0.05 O2-δ 的电导率高于单一稀土掺杂Ce0.83 Sm0.17 O2-δ 的电导率,且Ce0.8 Pr0.15 Sm0.05 O2-δ的电导率最大,σ600℃为1.2×10-2 S/cm,这归因于样品Ce0.8Pr0.15Sm0.05O2-δ 中较高的氧空位浓度和小极化子的跃迁.     

Ba1.03Ce0.8Gd0.2O3-α固体电解质的合成及其燃料电池性能

分别用高温固相反应法及溶胶一凝胶法合成了Ba1．03Ce0．8Gd0．2O3-α固体电解质，测定了两种方法合成样品的结构和600℃～1000℃时的氢-空气燃料电池性能．结果表明，两种方法合成的样品均为钙钛矿型斜方晶结构，用溶胶一凝胶法合成的粉体的烧结温度为1450℃，比高温固相法的烧结温度（1650℃）降低了200℃，其燃料电池具有更好的性能．     

Co掺杂对Ce_(0.85)Y_(0.15)O_(2-δ)固体电解质材料性能的影响

采用固相反应法合成并在不同温度下烧结Ce0.85Y0.15-xCoxO2-δ(x=0、0.01、0.03和0.05)固体电解质材料,着重研究Co掺杂量对试样的体积密度和离子电导率的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析烧结后试样的晶体结构,Archimedes法测定烧结试样密度,电化学阻抗谱测量试样的离子电导率.结果表明:试样Ce0.85Y0.15-xCoxO2-δ(x=0、0.01、0.03和0.05)1 400℃烧结后均呈单一的立方萤石结构相,掺杂Co可以有效提高试样的体积密度,促进试样烧结.此外,一定量的Co还可以增加试样的离子电导率,相同烧结条件下试样Ce0.85Y0.14Co0.01O2-δ呈现出最高的离子电导率,1 450℃烧结,其离子电导率在800℃时达到0.083 1 s/cm.     

甘氨酸法制备YSZ粉体及其在中温固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

用甘氨酸法制备了堆积密度小于0．35％的疏松（Y2O3）0.08（ZrO2）0.02（YSZ）陶瓷粉体．研究了预烧温度对初级粉体的晶体结构、晶粒大小、比表面积、粉体形貌和烧结性能的影响,进一步研究预烧温度对YSZ烧结体电导率的影响．随着预烧温度的升高,粉体的晶粒尺寸增加,比表面积减小,烧结体的相对密度减小,粉体的多孔疏松程度降低．700℃预烧粉体的生坯最易致密化,得到的YSZ烧结样品具有最高电导率,其值在800℃时为0．029S·cm^-1．同时以700℃预烧的粉体为原材料,用共压共烧工艺,制备阳极支撑的厚度为10-20μm的YSZ电解质薄膜．以YSZ薄膜为基础的单电池在700℃下的最大功率密度达到470mW／cm^2．     

Li_2SO_4-Ce_(0.9)Ca_(0.1)O_(1.9)复合电解质中温区电学性能与应用

以 Li2 SO4 和 Ce0 .9Ca0 .1O1.9为原料 ,混合制成复合电解质 .实验表明 ,Li2 SO4 -Ce0 .9Ca0 .1O1.9复合电解质在中温区 (50 0～ 650℃ )具有较高的导电率 ,以此材料制成的燃料电池的开路电压可达 1 .0 V左右 ,明显高于以 Ce0 .9Ca0 .1O1.9为电解质的燃料电池的开路电压 ,在 550℃左右具有 1 0 m W/cm2 以上的最大输出功率密度 ,但在更高的温度下性能有所下降 ,且电极性能尚待改进 .     

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85复合材料的制备与导电性

为研究复合材料氧离子导电体的导电特性,采用化学共沉淀法制备Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85纳米复合粉体,并获得复合陶瓷材料.通过X线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的物相组成与微观结构进行分析,利用交流阻抗测试研究材料的离子导电性.研究结果表明:煅烧复合粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为15 nm;复合材料的导电性均明显高于复合组元的单相材料的导电性;La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85中La2O3过量3％(质量分数)的复合材料体现最好的导电性,在700℃时的导电率为0.106 S/cm.通过交流阻抗谱分析晶粒、晶界特性,探讨复合电解质材料的导电机理.     

固体电解质BaCe_(1-x)RE_xO_(3-δ)的电导率及燃料电池性能

利用溶胶 -凝胶法合成了 Ba Ce1 - x REx O3-δ( RE:稀土 )系列固体电解质 ,结果证明纯 Ba Ce O3 导电性较差 ,RE3+ 的引入 ,取代了晶格中的 Ce4+ ,增加了氧空位 ,大大提高了体系的导电性。文章还研究了掺杂的 Ba Ce O3体系的导电机理 ,讨论了不同稀土离子掺杂对电导率的影响 ,以 Ba Ce1 - x REx O3-δ为固体电解质组装了 H2 /O2 燃料电池 ,电池的开路电压接近 1V,短路电流密度超过 10 0 m A/cm2 ,以 Ba Ce0 .8Gd0 .2 O2 .9为 SOFC电解质 ,80 0℃时最大输出功率密度达 30 m W/cm2 。     

合成方法对Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-α（SDC）陶瓷电解质性能的影响

以金属硝酸盐为基本材料,通过共沉淀法、低温燃烧法和超声喷雾热解法分别制出了萤石型Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-α(SDC)陶瓷电解质超细粉体.以扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和氮气吸附仪等设备对制得的SDC陶瓷粉体进行结构和性能表征,并分别测试了这三种粉体的导电性能.结果表明,用低温燃烧法制备的SDC粉体粒径大约在50～100nm之间,大小均匀,比表面积为55.26m2/g,600℃时电导率为0.029S/cm,活化能较低,仅0.561eV;三种方法中低温燃烧法最适合制备电导率高和活化能低的SDC陶瓷电解质材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that