海洋浮游植物自动分析和识别技术

浮游植物是海洋生态系统的初级生产者,对其种类的分类鉴定和定量分析是海洋科学研究和应用的基础性工作.传统的分析方法主要采用显微镜下的人工鉴定和定量计数.为了适应海洋科学和环境监测中的快速检测的需要,解决目前显微镜人工鉴定中存在的专业水平要求高、分类人员断层、耗时等问题,至今已有不少学者对各种浮游植物自动分析和识别方法进行了研究,包括基于藻细胞形态的与计算机技术相结合的图像法,基于藻类色素组成的吸光光度法、荧光分光光度法和高压液相色谱法,基于藻细胞大小、色素组成、DNA等的流式细胞仪法,基于细胞基因系列的分子探针法等.本文对这些方法的原理、发展动态、优缺点等进行了综述.认为基于藻细胞形态的浮游植物显微图像自动识别技术,由于其综合了现代仪器自动分析和传统显微分类方法的优点,是浮游植物自动识别的一种理想和实用的方法,将有很好的应用前景.     

数学形态学在海洋浮游植物显微图像处理中的应用

数学形态学是分析几何形状和结构的数学方法,广泛应用于各类图像形状和结构的分析与处理.浮游植物是海洋生态系统中的重要初级生产者,其个体微小,但形态特征各异,一般要在显微镜下才能进行准确的种类鉴定.本文以海洋常见赤潮藻血红哈卡藻(Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka) Hansen & Moestrup)为对象,利用数学形态学方法来处理和分析其细胞显微图像.数学形态学算法包括二值图像形态学和灰度图像形态学,涉及到膨胀、腐蚀、开闭运算,提供了快速高效的优化算法,特别是基于形态学分水岭的图像分割、标记目标、目标分割.研究结果证明,数学形态学可应用于海洋浮游植物显微图像处理,为浮游植物显微自动识别提供了理论基础.     

红细胞形态特征的计算机图像处理研究

比较传统人工细胞形态观察和定量的操作方式，介绍了基于计算机图像处理和分析技术的有关红细胞形态特征定量的研究成果．并且展现了一套适用范围广、可作为红细胞图像的形态描述或细胞分类的图形特征参数——圆周率．同时，基于圆周率提供了一些较为适用的细胞形态特征值的算法(比如，多定位的图像获取、红细胞胞体形态的自动识别，以及对其进行的分类算法)．红细胞形态的算法或程序都基于VC ，不过该程序也可运用于其他用途．红细胞的染色采用瑞氏法(亚甲基蓝咿红)．介绍的红细胞形态计算机处理方法可提供有效的半自动红细胞形态特征的统计分析，可描述出群体细胞形态特征的分布曲线或不同细胞形状比率的数据．     

我国沿海常见浮游植物检索数据库的建立

利用本实验室保存的固定和活体硅藻标本，并采集我国沿海常见海洋浮游植物样品，特别是赤潮生物样品，通过数码显微摄影技术，采集不同侧面的藻细胞形态特征图像，同时结合其他手段收集我国沿海常见海洋浮游植物的图片和文字资料．通过net（c#）语言、asp．net等技术初步建立了我国沿海常见浮游植物网络检索数据库，其网络查询界面可实现多分类参数查询．目前该数据库已收录我国常见浮游植物144种，特征图片704张，以硅藻门（93种）和甲藻门（40种）为主．同时对每个种类的分类特征和生态分布特点进行了归类与集成，可通过其细胞主要特征参数或生态分布特征等参数进行详细的信息检索．该数据库为目前国内首个沿海常见浮游植物网络分类数据库．本文简要介绍了建库目标、系统结构、功能与特点，并对该库应用前景作了探讨．     

基于HPLC的化学分类法对一些有害浮游植物的分类分析

采用基于HPLC和光合色素分析的化学分类方法对21种(株)常见的典型赤潮生物进行了分类分析,结果表明有些赤潮藻的不同属、属下不同种甚至同种的不同地理株系其光合色素组成和比例存在差异.根据T.pul-chellum、塔玛亚历山大藻的特征光合色素组成和比例差异,可为进一步鉴定和细分这些赤潮生物提供重要依据.根据光合色素组成和比例构建的聚类分析也能较好地反应这些赤潮生物间的相互关系.上述结果显示光合色素分析方法能作为重要的分类学依据,为一些浮游植物的分类提供更有价值的分类信息.     

基于卷积神经网络的岩石图像分类

在显微镜下分析岩石薄片并对其进行分类时,人工鉴定效率较低且易受主观因素影响,为此提出了一种基于卷积神经网络深度学习的岩石粒度自动分类方法。该方法通过卷积网络模型实现图像特征自动提取,并同时建立模式分类器,实现基于薄片图像的粒度自动识别。采用鄂尔多斯盆地的4 800样品对卷积网络模型进行训练,通过1 200个样品对模型测试,测试集分类结果的准确度达到98.5%。理论分析与数据验证说明,通过深度学习所建立的卷积网络模型能够基于岩石薄片图像获得高效、准确、可靠的自动分类结果。     

羟基对压载水中浮游植物细胞破坏的显微观察

羟基OH^ 具有极强的氧化能力，用高浓度羟基溶液做药剂，对含有浮游植物扁藻和盐藻的海水进行处理，取处理前后的样品在显微镜下观察藻细胞形态和结构的变化，研究羟基破坏、分解细胞组织的生化作用．实验结果表明，羟基使藻细胞破裂、缺失以及细胞内容物外泄，并最终导致其死亡，     

我国沿海常见浮游植物检索数据库的建立

利用本实验室保存的固定和活体硅藻标本,并采集我国沿海常见海洋浮游植物样品,特别是赤潮生物样品,通过数码显微摄影技术,采集不同侧面的藻细胞形态特征图像,同时结合其他手段收集我国沿海常见海洋浮游植物的图片和文字资料.通过net(c#)语言、asp.net等技术初步建立了我国沿海常见浮游植物网络检索数据库,其网络查询界面可实现多分类参数查询.目前该数据库已收录我国常见浮游植物144种,特征图片704张,以硅藻门(93种)和甲藻门(40种)为主.同时对每个种类的分类特征和生态分布特点进行了归类与集成,可通过其细胞主要特征参数或生态分布特征等参数进行详细的信息检索.该数据库为目前国内首个沿海常见浮游植物网络分类数据库.本文简要介绍了建库目标、系统结构、功能与特点,并对该库应用前景作了探讨.     

显微图像分析技术在赤潮生物识别中的应用

为克服人工识别赤潮生物种类和数量时的困难，基于图像分析法对赤潮生物图像进行自动分析，针对赤潮生物显微图像的特点。研究图像的预处理、分割、特征提取和分类的处理过程，结合理论分析和实验结果。与其他自动分割方法进行比较，证明采用类别方差法可以有效进行赤潮生物图像的自动阈值分割，解决了赤湖生物显微图像自动分割的难题，采用形态学的方法，解决相连赤潮生物的分割问题，对获得的轮廓和灰度特征进行选择，作为分类器的测试和学习数据使用，建立分类树结构，采用树状判别机制实现几类赤潮生物的识别分类。实验结果表明，与人工识别相比，其识别正确率大于90％。     

利用计算机视觉检测家蚕微粒子病的改进研究

在家蚕微粒子病显微图像自动识别图像分割问题中，首先应从显微图像中将微粒子从复杂背景中提取出来．由于显微图像对比度差、光照不均匀及噪音等因素的影响，采用传统的阈值分割方法和边缘检测方法不能顾及到图像局部的实际有用的目标信息，因此很难准确提取微粒子孢子区域．利用数学形态学的方法根据微粒子图像的形状特征来检测微粒子区域，实现微粒子和背景的分割，取得了较好的效果．运用基于遗传算法的BP网络进行了识别和分类，结果证明此方法是有效的．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that