烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

陡高边坡节理岩体卸荷岩体力学的物理基础

指出运用卸荷岩体力学 ,研究三峡工程永久船闸岩石陡高边坡节理岩体特性的重要性 ,与岩体由原所受地应力作用到卸荷减压致拉的 (反 )应力应变的机理 阐明卸荷过程中 ,若体抗拉强度、变形模量、泊桑比等参数不是常量 ,是随岩体分化衰变的变量及其物理基础 ;形变显现弹性恢复应变、扩容 ,扩容蠕变的演绎特性 提出卸荷节理岩体的弹 -扩 -粘形状的本构方程     

基于岩体质量Q系统的隧道围岩分级

岩体质量Q系统未考虑隧道上覆不同地质条件岩土体位置关系的相互影响。阐述了岩体质量Q系统在进行围岩分级时存在的问题,基于摩尔-库伦强度准则,提出了计算隧道围岩松动区和承载区的公式,得出当隧道围岩等级越高,即围岩稳定性越差时,松动区外半径、承载区外半径以及塑性区外半径越大;通过将理论分析方法与数值模拟方法相结合,求出了隧道围岩重要性系数,提出了一种隧道围岩分级新计算公式。     

岩性因素对岩石爆破的影响

通过对岩石爆破机理的分析,认为岩石的最终破坏是由于爆炸产生的作用力超过其强度所致·进而分析了岩石的物理力学性质与岩石爆破的关系,重点阐述了岩石强度、孔隙度及密度对岩石爆破效果的影响,指出了在岩石爆破中起主要作用的是岩石的抗拉强度,阐明了岩石的空隙度越小、密度越大则越有利于岩石爆破,并探讨了水对岩石爆破效果的影响,指出水介质的存在有利于岩石的爆破·     

基于岩体质量分级的岩石力学参数研究

通过现场声波测试等快速测试手段，结合工程地质定性评价，应用BQ体系和RMR体系，对岩石边坡进行岩体质量评价，并分析了BQ体系和RMR体系的相关关系．在此基础上估算岩石力学参数，为岩石工程设计和施工提供了依据．     

互层状岩体及节理岩体的粘弹性模型

采用对互层岩体或节理岩体的不同介质进行“分离、集中”的方法得到了互层或节理岩体的二维和三维粘弹性模型。这个模型在互层或节理岩体的数值分析中是较实用的。     

岩石全应力-应变曲线及其与岩爆关系

提出了岩石典型全应力－应变关系曲线的数学描述,推导了岩石爆发生的能量条件,并论述了不同力学系统中岩爆发生时释放能量与系统热能的关系。     

水成岩——浅谈方方长篇小说《水在时间之下》

通过细察方方长篇小说<水在时间之下>,深入发掘出方方作品文体中独有的"生命质感"内在地隐含着"诗性温度",兼与卞之琳<水成岩>一诗相比照,进行互文解读,并追溯方方之前的创作经验,体悟小说中奇巧地运用两类技巧:错位模式与平行模式,如何促生了小说的诗性锋芒.在归纳方方"诗性写作"的基本特质的同时,理解方方创作中一贯保有的"生命温度"和"诗性关怀",追问<水在时间之下>超验般诗性姿态之上,作者所寄予的历史情境中人类个体生命意识蕴藏的普遍情感与反察生命存在本身的精神向度.     

岩壁变形条件下结构面法向变形特征

开展了无周边约束条件下不同岩壁厚度结构面法向变形试验,结合结构面-岩壁系统刚度与系统厚度之间关系,得到了不同岩壁厚度条件下结构面-岩壁系统整体刚度的变化特征,以及岩体结构面刚度与结构面厚度.分析了不同周边约束条件下结构面刚度与闭合量之间的关系,提出了考虑岩壁变形条件下结构面法向变形本构模型及其适用条件.进一步讨论了岩壁-结构面系统的结构和材料特征,分析了结构面法向刚度合理试验方法的重要性.本研究将有利于加深对结构面法向变形特征的理解与认识.     

节理岩体的卸荷岩体力学理论要点

节理岩体卸荷岩体力学研究成果在三峡船闸高边坡工程实施中得到检验。文章简介了中的反应力应变观点，岩体力学行性衰变的概念，求边坡卸荷中剪应力与偏应力变化规律及应力状态，以及岩体力学参数变化值，用阻力系数判定边坡稳定与处理。     

松散岩堆细-宏观强度关系与围岩压力

中国西南某铁路隧道围岩体为大孔隙率松散巨型岩堆体,是典型的非连续性颗粒材料,已不能用基于连续介质的经典土力学去解决其本构问题.为了从细-宏观角度研究松散岩堆的强度特性和围岩稳定性,从颗粒材料力学对致密砂土的力学分析出发,通过分析得出了松散岩堆的平面咬合模型的变形模式是点-面接触作用,推导出由岩堆内部岩块单元的摩擦角主导的宏观强度关系式;提出了松散岩堆岩体单元之间的咬合作用模型,得到松散岩堆咬合力关系,岩块单元间的细观摩擦角对宏观强度有较大影响;从适合破碎围岩的普氏理论出发,结合岩堆细观强度公式,得出了松散岩堆自然平衡拱轴线的计算方法,通过计算某铁路隧道围岩压力,验证了计算公式的合理性.